Flashcards in Chapter 9 - Drugs mentioned during lecture Deck (18):
1
Blood glucose regulation
*Banker:
- INSULIN secreted in response to increasing blood glucose levels (causes deposits of glucose and fat)
- Insulin drives down blood sugar
*Spender:
- GLUCAGON secreted in response to hypoglycemia to mobilize glucose
- Glucagon hormone tells body we need more glucose
2
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Type I
- low/no levels of insulin production
Type II
- insulin is produced but cell receptors are refractory or blocked
3
Testing for glucose curves (timed test)
Animal stays for the day
Place catheter
Draw blood at 8AM, e.g.
Feed meal
Draw more blood at certain time intervals
Compare results
4
Options for insulin choice
Porcine insulin similar to canine & human insulin
Bovine insulin similiar to feline insulin
*VETSULIN (porcine insulin zinc suspension)
*Glargine (new, up to 48hrs of activity
5
How to select insulin
Amino acid sequence
Strength
Onset of action
Duration of action
Dosing accuracy & convenience
Cost
6
Insulin Onset/Duration of action
Frequently used are NPH and PZI
*Regular insulin
- for emergency hyperglycemia (IV w/fluids)
- quick onset
- short duration
*Intermediate acting insulin
- NPH and Lente are given SQ
- Duration of action 6-24 hours
- may need to be given 3x/day or all day
*Long acting insulin
- Protamine zinc (PZI)
- Approx. 6-24 hrs of action
- less available, MAY last up to 36 hrs
7
Insulin awareness
- expressed in units/mL
- ALWAYS match concentration to syringe
- NEVER shake...mix by rolling between hands
- Refrigerate but NEVER freeze
- Insulin is cloudy, except for regular insulin
8
Hypothyroid treatment for dogs
Soloxine
- synthetic T4
- Thyroxin replacement therapy
- dose 0.1 - 1 mg
9
Hyperthyroid treatment for cats
*I131 Sodium iodide (radioactive isotope)
*Methimizole
*Tapazole (Antithyroid)
*Prescription diet y/d
- cats suffering from hyperthyroid are usually older, skinny, greasy, stink
10
What happens if you have too much aldosterone or glucocorticoid?
You'll show signs of cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism); this may happen as a side effect of taking prednisone
- PUPD
- Skin changes
11
How do you treat Cushing's disease?
*Adrenocorticolytics (destroys the cells)
12
Name 2 adrenocorticolytics
*Trilostane (Vetoryl)
- not actually a lytic drug, instead it inhibits one of the conversion steps in the synthesis of cortisol
- less toxicity
- doesn't have to given for life
- probably BEST CHOICE
*Mitotane (Lysodren)
- oldest
- least desirable
- dose-dependent
- goes to adrenal cortex, potential to kill too many cells which would create Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism)
13
Birth control in cattle, for example
*Dinoprost (Lutalyse)
- destroys corpus luteum
- new eggs able to develop
- all cows are now on same schedule and can be fertilized and calved at the same time = better farm mgmt
14
Surpressing estrus not fertility
*Megestrol acetate (Ovaban)
*Cheque drops (synthetic progesterone molecule)
- postpone estrus (ovaries do not grow follicles and ovulation ceases)
- alleviate false pregnancies
- treat behavior problems in cats
- may result in hyperglycemia
15
What does "gest" signal?
You are dealing with a progestin or progesterone product
16
Drug used to get horses and hogs on human schedule
Regumate Equine
17
What does oxytocin do and when would you use it?
* Oxytocin ("feel good hormone") is naturally produced in the pituitary gland
* May be given by injection or snorted
* Has direct effects on the uterine muscle (myometrium)
* Causes milk letdown
* Restarts uterine contractions
* May assist with dystocia, HOWEVER:
- extreme care should be taken to ensure there is no mechanical blockage of the birth canal (malpresentation, dead neonate,...) as this could result in uterine rupture
18