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Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy (definition)

A

The study of the structure/morphology of the human body and its parts; derived from Greed for “a cutting up”

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2
Q

Physiology (definition)

A

The study of the functions of the human body and its parts; dervied from Greek for “relationship to nature”

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3
Q 
Andreas Vesalius (ce 1514- 1564, d age 49)
(describe)
A

Considered the father of Human Anatomy. Authored one of the most influential books on human anatomy, “De humani corporis fabrica (“On the Fabric of the Human Body”).

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4
Q

Structure of organs and parts of the body determines …

A

… function

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5
Q

Levels of Organization

Organism (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Organism (describe):
Composed of organ systems interacting (human)

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6
Q

Levels of Organization

Organ (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Organ (describe):
Group of different tissues with a function (heart, kidney, stomach)

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7
Q

Levels of Organization

Organ System (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Organ System (describe):
Group of organs with common function (digestive system)
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8
Q

Levels of Organization

Tissue (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Tissue (describe):
Layer or mass of cells with a specific function (adipose tissue)

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9
Q

Levels of Organization

Cell (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Cell (describe):
Basic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood)

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10
Q

Levels of Organization

Organelle (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Organelle (describe):
Functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lyosome)

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11
Q

Levels of Organization

Macromolecule (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Macromolecule (describe):
Large particles consisting of molecules (DNA, protein)

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12
Q

Levels of Organization

Molecule (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Molecule (describe):
Particles consisting of atoms (water, glucose)

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13
Q

Levels of Organization

Atom (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Atom (describe):
Tiny particles that make up chemicals (hydrogen, carbon)

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14
Q

Levels of Organization

Subatomic Particles (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Subatomic Particles (describe):
Protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up cells
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15
Q

Ultrasound (US) (definition)

A

High-frequency sound waves that provide images of soft internal structures; used to obtain sonogram of fetus in uterus

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16
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (definition)

A

Magnetic field changes alignment and spin of certain types of atoms; provides high-resolution images of internal structures, such as the brain

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17
Q

Characteristics of Life

List:

A

Characteristics of Life

List:
Movement
Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Respiration
Digestion
Absorption
Circulation
Excretion
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18
Q

Metabolism (definition)

A

The events inside the body which obtain, release, and utilize energy (all chemical reactions in an organization that support life)

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19
Q

Environmental Factors Required for Life

List:

A

Environmental Factors Required for Life

List:
Water
Food
Oxygen
Heat
Pressure
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20
Q

Homeostasis (definition)

A

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

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21
Q

Homeostatic Mechanisms (definition):

A

Self-regulating systems that monitor aspect of the internal environment and correct them as needed

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22
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism

Describe:

A

Homeostatic Mechanism

Describe:
Receptor
Control Center
Effector

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23
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism

Receptor (definition):

A

Homeostatic Mechanism

Receptor (definition):
Detects and provides information about the stimuli

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24
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism

Control Center (definition):

A

Homeostatic Mechanism

Control Center (definition):
Decision-maker that maintains the set point
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25
Homeostatic Mechanism Effector (definition):
Homeostatic Mechanism Effector (definition): Muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and causes the necessary change in the internal environment
26
Organization of the Human Body Main Portions:
Organization of the Human Body Main Portions: Axial Portion Appendicular Portion
27
Organization of the Human Body Axial Portion (describe):
Organization of the Human Body ``` Axial Portion (describe): head, neck, and trunk ```
28
Organization of the Human Body Appendicular Portion (describe):
Organization of the Human Body ``` Appendicular Portion (describe): Upper and lower limbs ```
29
Organization of the Human Body Major cavities of the axial portion of the body:
Organization of the Human Body ``` Major cavities of the axial portion of the body: Cranial Cavity Vertebral Canal Thoracic Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity ```
30
Organization of the Human Body Cranial Cavity (describe):
Organization of the Human Body ``` Cranial Cavity (describe): Houses brain ```
31
Organization of the Human Body Vertebral Cavity (describe):
Organization of the Human Body ``` Vertebral Cavity (describe): Contains spinal cord ```
32
Organization of the Human Body Thoracic Cavity (describe):
Organization of the Human Body ``` Thoracic Cavity (describe): Houses lungs and thoracic viscera ```
33
Organization of the Human Body Abdominopelvic Cavity (describe):
Organization of the Human Body ``` Abdominopelvic Cavity (describe): Contains abdominal and pelvic viscera ```
34
Major Body Cavities Diaphragm (describe):
Major Body Cavities Diaphragm (describe): Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
35
Major Body Cavities Mediastinum (describe):
Major Body Cavities Mediastinum (describe): Region between lungs in thoracic cavity, which contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland
36
Major Body Cavities Abdominopelvic Cavity (describe):
Major Body Cavities Abdominopelvic Cavity (describe): Cavity contains two portions Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity
37
Abdominopelvic Cavity (define):
Abdominopelvic Cavity (define): Extends from diaphragm to top of pelvis, and contains stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys, small intestine, most of large intestine
38
Pelvic Cavity (define):
Pelvic Cavity (define): Enclosed by pelvic bones, and contians end of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs
39
Small Cavities of the Head List:
Small Cavities of the Head ``` List: Oral cavity Nasal cavity Orbital cavity Middle ear cavity ```
40
Serous Membranes Layers:
Serous Membranes Layers: Visceral layer Parietal layer
41
Serous Membranes Visceral layer (describe):
Serous Membranes ``` Visceral layer (describe): Inner layer, which covers the organ ```
42
Serous Membranes Parietal layer (describe):
Serous Membranes ``` Parietal layer (describe): outer layer, which lines wall cavity ```
43
Serous Membranes Examples:
Serous Membranes Examples: Visceral and parietal pleura (around lungs in thorax) Visceral and parietal pericardium (around heart in thorax) Visceral and parietal peritoneum (around abdominopelvic organs)
44
Organ Systems List:
Organ Systems List: Integumentary system Skeletal system Muscular system
45
Organ Systems Integumentary System (describe):
Organ Systems ``` Integumentary System (describe): Protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, production of Vitamin D ```
46
Organ Systems Skeletal System (describe):
Organ Systems ``` Skeletal System (describe): Framework, protection, attachment sites, storage or inorganic salts, production of blood cells, support of movement ```
47
Organ Systems Muscular System (describe):
Organ Systems ``` Muscular System (describe): Movement, main source of body heat, maintenance of posture ```
48
Organ Systems Nervous and Endocrine System (describe):
Organ Systems Nervous and Endocrine System (describe): Integration and coordination of function through nerve impulses or hormones
49
Organ Systems Cardiovascular System (describe):
Organ Systems ``` Cardiovascular System (describe): Transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells, and wastes ```
50
Organ Systems Lymphatic System (describe):
Organ Systems ``` Lymphatic System (describe): Transportation of fluids. lymphocyte production, body defense ```
51
Organ Systems Digestive System (describe):
Organ Systems ``` Digestive System (describe): Receives food, breaks down food, excretes waste ```
52
Organ Systems Respiratory System (describe):
Organ Systems ``` Respiratory System (describe): Exchange of gasses ```
53
Organ Systems Urinary System (describe):
Organ Systems ``` Urinary System (describe): Removes blood wastes, regulates electrolyte and water balance, blood pressure ```
54
Organ Systems Reproductive System (describe):
Organ Systems ``` Reproductive System (describe): Male and female systems produce and transport sex sales. Female also provides fetal development and childbirth ```
55
Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Position (describe):
Anatomical Terminology ``` Anatomical Position (describe): Anatomical terms of relative position are based on a person standing in anatomical position ```
56
Terms in Relative Position Superior
Above
57
Terms in Relative Position Inferior
Below
58
Terms in Relative Position Anterior or Ventral
Toward the front
59
Terms in Relative Position Posterior of Dorsal
Toward the back
60
Terms in Relative Position Medial
Toward the midline
61
Terms in Relative Position Lateral
Away from midline
62
Terms in Relative Position Bilateral
Paired structure
63
Terms in Relative Position Ipsilateral
Same side
64
Terms in Relative Position Contralateral
Opposite sides
65
Terms in Relative Position Proximal
Close to point of attachment to trunk
66
Terms in Relative Position Distal
Farther from point of attachment to trunk
67
Terms in Relative Position Superficial
Close to body surface
68
Terms in Relative Position Deep
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Anatomy & Physiology I (7 decks)

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