Midterm Review

Question 1

Who is the founder of modern human anatomy?

Answer 1

Andreas Vesalius

Question 2

What is the most abundant substance in the human body?

Answer 2

Water

Question 3

What supplies raw materials for building living tissue?

Answer 3

Food

Question 4

The diaphragm separates what cavities of the body?

Answer 4

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities

Question 5

Where is the mediastinum?

Answer 5

Between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

Question 6

In which quadrant is the liver located?

Answer 6

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Question 7

In which quadrant is the spleen located?

Answer 7

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Question 8

In which quadrant is the sigmoid colon located?

Answer 8

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Question 9

In which quadrant is the appendix located?

Answer 9

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Question 10

Name the three major parts of a cell.

Answer 10

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane

Question 11

What is in the nucleus of a cell?

Answer 11

The majority of the cells genetic material; DNA mostly

Question 12

What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

Answer 12

Perform cellular respiration; convert nutrients into energy

Question 13

What is the role of Lysosomes in a cell?

Answer 13

To digest materials within a cell

Question 14

What is the role of Peroxisomes in a cell?

Answer 14

To break down fatty acids and other molecules

Question 15

What is the role of vesicles within a cell?

Answer 15

To break down food particles and get rid of unneeded cellular materials

Question 16

What happens to a red blood cell (RBC) put into a hypertonic solution (a solution that is more solute than in the RBC)?

Answer 16

The red blood cell will lose water as water passes into the solution with more solutes

Question 17

In active transport, what substance is required to move a substance across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to region of higher concentration?

Answer 17

ATP

Question 18

What tissue covers organs and body surfaces?

Answer 18

Epithelial Tissue

Question 19

Where do endocrine glands secrete?

Answer 19

Tissue fluid or blood

Question 20

Where do exocrine glands secrete?

Answer 20

Ducts that open onto the surface

Question 21

Sweat Glands

Endocrine or Exocrine

Answer 21

Exocrine

Question 22

Thyroid Gland

Endocrine or Exocrine

Answer 22

Endocrine

Question 23

In what part of the nervous system do we find tight junctions?

Answer 23

The blood-brain barrier

Question 24

What is the most abundant tissue type in the body?

Answer 24

Connective tissue

Question 25

What cells release heparin?

Answer 25

Mast

Question 26

Is blood a connective tissue?

Answer 26

Yes. Blood is a specialized connective tissue.

Question 27

Fibrocartilage can be found in what part of the spine?

Answer 27

In the intervertebral discs

Question 28

Skeletal muscle is an example of what type of muscle structure?

Answer 28

Striated

Question 29

What is the role of the Hypothalamus (in relation to the skin)?

Answer 29

The hypothalamus regulates body temperature based on nerve impulses that it receives from the skin.

Question 30

How many bones are there in the adult human body?

Answer 30

206

Question 31

How many vertebral segments are there in the cervical section?

Answer 31

7

Question 32

How many vertebral segments are there in the lumbar section?

Answer 32

5

Question 33

How many vertebral segments are there in the thoracic section?

Answer 33

12

Question 34

What is the most mobile section of the vertebral column?

Answer 34

The cervical section

Question 35

What structure passes through the intervertebral foramen (IVF)?

Answer 35

Spinal nerves

Question 36

What structure is between the vertebral bodies?

Answer 36

Intervertebral discs

Question 37

The coracoid is part of what bone?

Answer 37

The scapula

Question 38

What is the fossa where the head of the humerus is located?

Answer 38

The Glenoid Fossa cavity

Question 39

What is the fossa where the head of the femur is located?

Answer 39

The Acetabular Fossa

Question 40

Anatomy (define)

Answer 40

The study of the structure/morphology of the | human body and its parts

Question 41

Physiology (define)

Answer 41

The study of the functions of the human | body and its parts

Question 42

Organelle (define)

Answer 42

Functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lysosome)

Question 43

Cell (define)

Answer 43

Basic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood cell)

Question 44

Tissue (define)

Answer 44

Layer or mass of cells with specific function (adipose tissue)

Question 45

Organ (define)

Answer 45

Group of different tissues with a function (heart, kidney, stomach)

Question 46

Organ System (define)

Answer 46

Group of organs with common function (digestive system)

Question 47

Metabolism (define)

Answer 47

All of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life

Question 48

Homeostasis (define)

Answer 48

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

Question 49

Differentiated (define)

Answer 49

Cells that have developed specialized characteristics

Question 50

Selectively Permeable (define)

Answer 50

Regulated entry and exit of substances through passive or active transport

Question 51

Diffusion (define)

Answer 51

Movement of atoms, molecules, or ions, from region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration

Question 52

Osmosis (define)

Answer 52

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from region of higher water concentration to region of lower water concentration

Question 53

Histology (define)

Answer 53

The study of tissues

Question 54

Neurons (define)

Answer 54

Main cells of nervous tissue which are specialized for communication, via conduction of nerve impulses (sensory reception, motor control)

Question 55

Melanocyte (define)

Answer 55

Cell in the stratum basle which produce the dark pigment melanin

Question 56

Sebum (define)

Answer 56

Fatty material and cellular debris excreted by sebaceous glands in the skin

Question 57

Osteoclasts (define)

Answer 57

A large bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing (breaks down calcified matrix)

Question 58

Osteoblasts (define)

Answer 58

Bone-forming cells that deposit bone matrix around | themselves

Question 59

Hematopoiesis

Answer 59

Blood cell formation