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Human Anatomy > Chapter One: General Orientation To Human Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter One: General Orientation To Human Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy and Physiology

A

Anatomy: the study of structure

Physiology: the study of function

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2
Q

Evolution

A

Change in the genetic composition of a population of organisms

THE WHOLE POPULATION MUST CHANGE

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3
Q

Natural Selection

A

Theory of how evolution works(genetic change over time)

SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST

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4
Q

Adaption

A

Change in an organisms anatomy, physiology, and behavior that has happened due to pressure to better themselves

Adapting to ones environment

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5
Q

Vestigial Organ

A

Organs that were developed in our ancestors but now have little to no use

Useless

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6
Q

What is the Hierarchy of Complexity

A 
Organism 
Organ system 
Organ 
Tissues
Cells 
Organelles 
Molecules
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7
Q

Organism

A

Complete individual

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8
Q

Organ system

A

Group of organs with a collective function

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9
Q

Organ

A

2 or more types of tissue working together to carry out a particular function

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10
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells that preform a specific function

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11
Q

Cells

A

Smallest unit that carry out all the basic functions of life

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12
Q

Organelles

A

Microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its individual function

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13
Q

What are the four types of Anatomical Variation?

A

Situs Solitus
Situs Inversus
Situs Perversus
Dextrocardia

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14
Q

Situs Solitus

A

Normal arrangement of thoracic and abdominal organs

NORMAL insides

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15
Q

Situs Inversus

A

Organs are reversed completely

No serious medical concern

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16
Q

Situs Perversus

A

One organ is in an atypical spot

One organ in the wrong spot

17
Q

Dextrocardia

A

The heart is misplaced

18
Q

What are the Characteristics of Life?

HOMERR DMC

A 
Homeostasis 
Organization 
Movement
Evolution 
Responsiveness 
Reproduction

Development
Movement
Cellular Composition

HOMERR DMC

19
Q

Metabolism

A

Taking in molecules from the environment and chemically change them

METABOLISM IS THE SUM OF ALL INTERNAL CHEMICAL CHANGE

20
Q

Homeostasis

A

The body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms the oppose it, and maintain a relativity stable internal conditions

THE BODIES ABILTY TO DO WHAT IT TAKES TO STAY THE SAME

OUR BODIES LIKE TO STAY THE SAME

21
Q

Negative Feedback Loop

A

The body senses a change and activates a mechanism that negates or reverses it

Body doesn’t like something and stops it

Standing up too quickly your blood pressure drops

Thermostat temp falls heating is activated to bring room temp up

22
Q

Positive Feedback Loop

A

Self amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction

Childbirth: body encourages this change

Fever

23
Q

What are the components of a Feedback Loop?

A
  1. Receptor (Thermostat)
  2. Integrating center (Brain p, decides what should be done)
  3. Effector(takes action)
24
Q

Receptor

A

Structure that senses change in the body

“Thermostat”

25
Q

Integrating Center

A

Mechanism that processes the sensory information and makes decisions on the appropriate response

“The Brain”

26
Q

Effector

A

Cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action

“Takes action”

27
Q

Gradient

A

A difference in chemical concentration, charge, temp or pressure between two points

Difference between point A and B

High to low is normal

28
Q

Radiography (X-rays)

A

High energy radiation that penetrates soft tissue and darken film on other side

Dense tissue

Over 1/2 of all medical imaging

29
Q

Radiopaque Substances

A

Visualization of hollow organs

Ingested or injected

30
Q

Computer Tomography (CT Scan)

A

CAT scan

Low intensity x-rays are emitted on one side and received on the other

Sharp, sliced image

31
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

Soft tissue

Alignment and realignment of hydrogen atoms with magnetic field and radio waves

Superior to CAT Scan

32
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)

A

Assesses metabolic state of tissue

Shows what tissues are most active at the given moment

WHAT IS ABD ISNT ACTIVE

33
Q

Sonography

A

High frequency sound waves echo back from internal organs

Second most widely used

SOUND WAVES

34
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Stand erect
Feet flat
Arms at sides
Palms forward

35
Q

Sections

A

Actual cut or slice to reveal internal anatomy

36
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary flat surface passing through the body

37
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Vertically passes through the body

Dividing the body into LEFT and RIGHT sections

38
Q

Frontal Plane/Coronal Plane

A

Divides body into FRONT and BACK sections

39
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Passes through the body horizontally

Dividing the body into UPPER and LOWER sections

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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