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Human Anatomy > Chapter 12: Nervous System Final > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Nervous System Final Flashcards

1
Q

Two Subdivisions of the Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

Central Nervous System(CNS)

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)

A

Nerves and Gangila

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4
Q

Nervous System Process

A

Receive information
Transmit coded messages
Process information
Issue commands

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5
Q

Two Divisions of Nervous System

A

Sensory

Motor

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6
Q

Sensory Division

A

Somatic

Visceral

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7
Q

Motor Division

A

Effectors

Somatic

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8
Q

Universal Properties of Neurons

A

Excitability(irritability)
Conductivity
Secretion

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9
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

detect stimuli

Transmit information about them to CNS

begin in every organ in the body and end in CNS

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10
Q

Interneurons(association neurons)

A

lie entirely in CNS
Receive signals and carry out integrative functions

90%

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11
Q

Motor(efferent) neuron

A

send signals out to muscles and gland cells

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12
Q

Soma

A

control center of neuron

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13
Q

Dendrites

A

vast number of branches coming from a few thick branches from the soma

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14
Q

Axon(nerve fiber)

A

originates from a mound on one side of the soma

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15
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

one axon and multiple dendrites

most in the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Bipolar Neuron

A

one axon and one dendrite

olfactory cells, retina, inner ear

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17
Q

Unipolar Neuron

A

single process leading away from the soma

sensory from skin and oran to spinal cord

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18
Q

Anaxonic Neuron

A

many dendrites but no axon

help in visual processes

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19
Q

Functions of glial cells

A

Support and Protect Neurons

bind neurons

20
Q

Types of Neurongila that occur in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Microglia
Astrocytes

21
Q

Types Occur in the PNS

A

Schwann Cells

Satellite Cells

22
Q

Myelin Sheath and what it is formed by

A

insulating layer around a nerve fiber

formed by oligodendrocytes in CNS

Schwann cells in PNS

23
Q

Local Potentials

A

distribution in membrane potential when a neuron is initially stimulated

24
Q

Action Potential

A

more dramatic change produced by voltage-regulated ion gates in the plasma membrane

25
Refractory Period
the period of resistance to stimulation
26
Absolute refractory period
no stimulus- will trigger AP in Na gates are open action potential to RMP
27
Relative Refractory Period
only especially strong stimulus will trigger new AP
28
Neural Integration
The ability of your neurons to process information , store and recall it, and make decisions
29
Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
any voltage change in the direction of the threshold that makes a neuron more likely to fire
30
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
any voltage change away from threshold that makes a neuron less likely to fire
31
Summation
the process of adding up postsynaptic potentials and responding to their net effect
32
Two types of Summation
Temporal | Spatial
33
Neural Coding
way the nervous system convert information to a pattern of action potential
34
Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative information
qualitative info based of which neurons fire Quantitative info is about intensity of stimulus is encoded in two ways
35
Diverging Circuit
one nerve fiber branches and synapses with several postsynaptic cells
36
Converging Circuit
input from many different nerve fibers can be funneled to one neuron or neuron pool
37
Reverberating Circuits
neurons stimulate each other in linear sequence but one cell restimulates the first cell to start the process all over
38
Parallel after-discharge Circuits
input neuron diverges to stimulate several chains of neurons
39
Synaptic Plasticity
ability of synapses to change
40
Synaptic Potentiation
process of making transmission easier
41
Immediate Memory
ability to hold something in your thoughts for just a few seconds
42
Short-term memory
last from a few seconds to several hours
43
Long-term memory
last up a lifetime and is less limited in the amount of information it can store
44
Declarative Memory
retention of events and facts that you can put into words
45
Procedural Memory
Retention of motor skills

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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