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Human Anatomy > Chapter 6: The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

3 Components of Integumentary System

A

Hair
SKIN
nails

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2
Q

2 Layers of Skin

A

Epidemis

Dermis

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3
Q

6 Functions of Skin

BVRNTS

A

Barrier Functions

Vitamin D Synthesis

Resistance to Trauma and Infection

Nonverbal Communication

Thermoregulation

Sensation

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4
Q

Thick Skin

A

Covers bottom of feet and palms of hands

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5
Q

Thin Skin

A

Rest of the body

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6
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Majority, synthesis keratin

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7
Q

Melanocytes

A

Branched, Synthesizes Melanin

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8
Q

Tactile(Merkel)

A

Touch Receptors, associated with dermal nerve fibers

low numbers

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9
Q

Dendritic

A

Immune cells, alert the immune system

large numbers

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10
Q

Layers of the Epidermis

CLBGS

A 
Basale 
Spinosum 
Granulosum 
Lucidum 
Corneum
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11
Q

Stem Cells

A

Undifferentiated Cells, Give rise to Keratinocytes

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12
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Consists of Keratinocytes, Stem Cells, Tactile Cells, and Melanocytes

Single layer, resting on basement membrane

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13
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Contains Keratinocytes and Dendritic Cells

server layers, usually thickest

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14
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Consists or FLAT Keratinocytes, and dark staining Keratohyalin granules

3-5 layers

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15
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Contains densely packed Keratinocytes

Thin and translucent, found ONLY in thick skin

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16
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Up to 30 Layers of dead scaly cells

forms a durable surface layer

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17
Q

2 Layers of Dermis

A

Papillary(Superficial)

Reticular(Deep)

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18
Q

Papillary Layer

A

Superficial, thin zone of areolar-Rich in SM blood vessles

mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells, if epidermis breaks

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19
Q

Reticular Layer

A

Deep, thick zone of dense irregular tissue

Collagen formed into think bundles

Ex: stretch marks

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20
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous tissue layer beneath the skin

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21
Q

Eumelanin

A

brownish black

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22
Q

Pheomelanin

A

Reddish yellow

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23
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blueness of skin, loss of oxygen

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24
Q

Erythema

A

Abnormal redness of skin, increased blood flow or pooling of blood

Heat, Sunburn

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25
Palor
Pale, Lack of blood flow Anemiz, low BP, shock
26
Albinism
Genetic lack of melanin, results in milky skin and hair, blue/grey eyes
27
Jaundice
Yellowing of skin&whites of eyes Hight level of bilirubin Ex: cancer, hepatitis
28
Hematoma
Bruise, mass of clotted blood showing through skin Accidental Trauma
29
Friction Ridge
Fingerprints, enhance sensitivity to texture unique to everyone
30
Flexion Lines
Where skin folds during the flexing of joints
31
Freckles
Flat cluster of melanocytes
32
Mole
Elevated cluster of melanocytes, with hair often
33
Hemangioma
Patches of skin that are discolored by benign tumors of the blood capillaries
34
Capillary Hemangiomas
Strawberry Birthmark* bright red or purple , slightly elevated Develop after birth, disappear by 5-6
35
Cavernous Hemangiomas
Flat and Dull present at birth, enlarge- regress- disappear by 9
36
Port-Wine Stain
Flat, Pinkish or dark Purple | remains for life
37
3 Types of Hair
Lanugo Vellus Terminal Hair
38
Lanugo
Fine, downy, unpigmented hair | *fetus
39
Vellus
Replace lanugo Fine, pale hair covers the body
40
Terminal Hair
Longer, Coarser, Heavily pigmented Forms after puberty Eyebrows, eyelashes, facial hair, public hair
41
3 Zones of Hair
Bulb Root Shaft
42
Bulb
Base of where the hair originates
43
Root
Remainder of hair in the follicle
44
Shaft
Portion above the skin surface
45
Dermal Papilla
vascular connective tissue encased by bulb provided sole source of nutrition to hair
46
Hair Matrix
mitotically active cells above papilla growth center, cells above this layer are dead
47
3 Layers of Hair
Medulla Cortex Cuticle
48
Medulla
Core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces
49
Cortex
Bulk of hair | several layers of elongated keratinized cells
50
Cuticle
Outside hair | thin scaly cells with free edges that direct upwards
51
Hair Receptors
Nerve fibers that entwine each follicle and respond to hair movement
52
Piloerector Muscle
Bundle of smooth muscle cells, causes goosebumps
53
3 Stages of Hair Development
Anagen Catagen Telogen
54
Anagen
Growth stage, 90% of follicles at any given time
55
Catagen
Degenerative stage, mitosis in the hair matrix ceases and sheath cells below the bulge die
56
Telogen
Resting stage, when papilla reaches the bulge
57
Alopecia
Thinning of hair or baldness
58
Pattern Baldness
Hair loss occurs from specific regions of the scalp combination of genetic and hormonal influences
59
Hirsutism
Excessive or undesirable hairiness in areas that are not usually hairy
60
Functions of Hair Receptors
Alert us of parasites crawling on skin
61
Function of Scalp
Retain heat and protect against sunburn
62
Function Guard Hairs
Guard nostrils and ear canals
63
Function Eyelashes and Eyebrows
nonverbal communication
64
3 Parts of Nail Plate
Free Edge: overhangs tip Nail Body: visible attached part Nail Root: extends proximally under overlying skin
65
Nail Bed
Skin under nail plate
66
Hyponychium
Epidermis of the nail bed
67
Nail Matrix
Growth zone of thickened stratum basale at proximal end of nail
68
Lunule
opaque white crescent at the proximal end of the nail
69
Eponychium(cuticle)
narrow sone of dead skin that commonly overhangs the end of the nail
70
Merocrine
Simple tubular glands with a duct leading to sweat pore, cools the body 3-4mill in adults
71
Apocrine
Ducts that lead to follicles, sweat is thicker and can be a response to stress or sexual stimulation
72
Sebaceous Glands
Produce oily secretion(sebum) | that keeps hair and skin from drying
73
Ceruminous Glands
Found in external ear canal
74
Mammary Glands
Milk producing glands, form during pregnancy modified apocrine Sgland
75
Acne
Inflammation or the Sebaceous glands *block keratinocytes and sebum
76
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin
77
Eczema
itchy red patch, begins before 5- cause by allergy
78
Rosacea
Fine network of dilated blood vessels red, rashlike area on nose or cheeks
79
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Unknown causes, scaly white or yellow inflammation in infants (cradle cap)
80
Tinea
Fungal infection, moist areas | ex: athletes foot
81
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Small shiny bumps that enlarge | most common- easy to treat-high survival
82
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Appears on scalp, ears, lower lip, back of hands-raised scaly red eventually forms concave ulcer early detection and treatment = recovery
83
Melanoma
aggressive and drug resistant surgically curable if detected early common in redheads, men , and experience of sever sunburn as child linked to moles
84
ABCD Rule
``` Mole or Melanoma? A- Asymmetry: side are dif B- Border: border irregularity C- Color: mix of colors D- Diameter: greater than 6 mm ```
85
1st Degree
involves only epidermis | redness, pain- heals in few days
86
2nd Degree
involves epidermis and part of dermis | red/white, blistered, very painful-heals 2weeks to months
87
3rd Degree
Full thickness burn, epidermis and ALL dermis needs skin grafts

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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