Chapter 8: The Skeletal System Flashcards by Julianne Insana

2 Regions of Skeletal System

Axial

Appendicular

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How many Bones?

Infant?

206

infant:270

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Sesamoid Bones

form within some tendons in response to strain

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Sutural Bones

extras bones in skull

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Condyle

rounded knob

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Head

expanded end of a bone

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Process

any bony prominence(projection)

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Tubercle

small rounded process

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Spine

Sharp, narrow process

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Fossa

Shallow and broad depression or basin

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Passages and Cavities

Canal
Foramen
Sinus

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Canal

Tubular Passage

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Foramen

hole through a bone

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Sinus

air filled space in a bone

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Skull

Most complex part of the skeleton

Contain:
Cranial Cavity 
Orbits-eye sockets
Nasal Cavity
Paranasal Sinuses
Oral cavity 
Middel &amp; Inner ear cavities

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Cranial Bones(8)

Enclose the Brain
Sphenoid 
Temporal(2)
Ethmoid
Parietal(2)
Occipital
Fromen Magnum
Frontal

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Fromen Magnum

large whole where spinal cord meets the brain

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Frontal Bone

extends from inside eye orbits to coronal suture

forms anterior wall(FROEHEAD)

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Parietal Bones(2)

Form most roof and walls of cranium

bordered by 4 sutures

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Temporal Bones(2)

forms lower wall and part of floor

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Occipital Bone

forms rear skull and part of base

contains foramen magnum

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Sphenoid Bone

forms lower front wall and part of base

butterfly shaped, back of eyes

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Ethmoid Bone

Between eyes, superior half of nasal septum

forms upper base

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Facial Bones(14)
ZIP LVN MM

lie anterior to the cranial cavity

Zygomatic(2)
Inferior Nasal(2)
Palatine(2)
Lacrimal(2)
Vomer(1)
Nasal(2)
Maxillae(2)
Mandible

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Maxillae(2)

Largest facial bones(form upper jaw) extend from teeth to eye orbits

Palatine Bone(2)

L shaped, located in the posterior nasal cavity under vomer, behind maxilla

Zygomatic Bones(2)

From Angles of the cheeks extend halfway to ear

Lacrimal Bones(2)

Part of the medial wall of eye orbits smallest bone in the skull(tear ducts)

Nasal Bones(2)

form bridge of nose

Inferior Nasal Conchae(2)

behind nose, under ethmoid bone

Vomer(1)

inferior half of the nasal septum

Mandible(1)

Strongest bone in the skull- LOWER JAW

Foramina

holes that allows passage for nerves and blood vessels

4 types of Paranasal Sinuses | FEMS

Frontal Ethmoid Maxillary Sphenoid

Characteristics of Paranasal Sinuses

Lined by mucous membranes, air filled add resonance to voice Lighten Skull

Auditory Ossicles

3 in each ear, they make up ear cavity malleus, incus, and stapes

Hyoid Bone

U shaped, between chin and larynx attachment for muscles that control tongue, mandible and larynx

When do Bones Fuse

in the first 2 years not fused at birth

Fontanelles

space between unfused cranial bones contain fibrous membrane, and allow shifting of bones during birth and growth

Skull Growth during Childhood

more rapid then rest of skeleton * 1/2 adult size by 9 months * Final size at 8 or 9 yrs

Vertebral Column supports...

Skull and Trunk

Vertebral Column provides attachment for...

limbs-thoracic cage-postural muscles

Vertebral Column consists of...

chain of 33 vertebrae with intervertebral discs of fibrocartilage

5 groups of Vertebrae

``` Thoracic Lumbar Cervical Coccygeal Sacral ```

Cervical #

Neck, 7 vertebrae

Thoracic #

Chest, 12 vertebrae

Lumbar #

Lower Back, 5 verterae

Sacral #

Base of Spine, 5 fused vertebrae

Coccygeal #

Tailbone, 4 fused vertebrae

What has a C shaped spine

Newborns- till about age 3 Monkeys, apes, and other four legged animals

4 Bends in a S Shaped Spine

Cervical- Neck Thoracic- Chest Lumbar- Lower back Pelvic- Tailbone

Causes of Spine Curvatures

disease- weakness- paralysis of trunk muscles- poor posture- pregnancy

Scoliosis

most common-- abnormal lateral deviation

Kyphosis

hunchback/ widows hump--result of osteoporosis

Lordosis

swayback/ exaggerated lumbar curvature--due to large abdominal weight(pregnancy, obesity)

Body of Vertebra

``` spongy bone(w/ red marrow) covered in shell of compact bone *weight bearing portion ```

Vertebral Foramina

collectively form canal for spinal cord

Spinous Process

projects from arch, visible under skin

Intervertebral Discs

Gelatinous pad covered in fibrocartilage that binds vertebrae- helps absorb shock and support weight

Herniated Disc

(ruptured of slipped)-puts painful pressure on spinal nerve or cord

Cervical Vertebrae

small, light Function: supports the head, allows for movement Spinous process:forked

Thoracic Vertebrae

correspond to 12 ribs Function: support the thoracic cage Spinous Process: pointed, angled downward Body: slightly heart shaped

Lumbar Vertebrae

thick, stout body W/ blunt/squarish process Function: support abdominal cavity; resist twisting of spine

Chapter 8: The Skeletal System Flashcards

(63 cards)