Flashcards in Chapter Seven- Urinary Deck (75):
1
Calyx or Calix
Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
2
Catheter
Tube for injecting or removing fluids
3
Cortex
Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney
4
Creatinine
Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
5
Electrolyte
Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; necessary with function of muscles and nerves; kidneys
6
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow
7
Filtration
Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter
8
Glomerular capsule
Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. (Bowman capsule; collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus)
9
Glomerulus
Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney
10
Hilum
Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
11
Kidney
One of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine
12
Meatus
Opening or canal
13
Medulla
Inner region of an organ
14
Nephron
Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney; functional unit of kidney; 1 million per kidney
15
Nitrogenous waste
Substance containing nitrogen an excreted in urine
16
Potassium
Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood; muscle contraction and nerve impulses
17
Reabsorption
Process where renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back in the bloodstream
18
Renal artery
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
19
Renal pelvis
Central collection region in the kidney
20
Renal tubule
Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
21
Renal vein
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
22
Renin
Hormone secreted by the kidney; raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction
23
Sodium
An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions
24
Trigone
Triangular area in the urinary bladder
25
Urea
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
26
Ureter
One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
27
Urethra
Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
28
Uric acid
Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
29
Urinary bladder
Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine
30
Urination (voiding)
Process of expelling urine; micturition
31
Arteriole
Small artery
32
Cali/o, calic/o
Calyx (calix)
33
Cyst/o
Urinary bladder
34
Glomerul/o
Glomerulus
35
Meat/o
Meatus
36
Nephr/o
Kidney
37
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis
38
Ren/o
Kidney
39
Trigon/o
Trigone (bladder region)
40
Ureter/o
Ureter
41
Urethr/o
Urethra
42
Vesic/o
Urinary bladder
43
Albumin/o
Albumin (a protein in the blood)
44
Azot/o
Nitrogen
45
Bacteri/o
Bacteria
46
Dips/o
Thirst
47
Kal/o
Potassium
48
Ket/o, keton/o
Ketone bodies
49
Lith/o
Stone
50
Natr/o
Sodium
51
Noct/o
Night
52
Olig/o
Scanty
53
-poietin
Substance that forms
54
Py/o
Pus
55
-tripsy
Crushing
56
Ur/o
Urine (urea)
57
Urin/o
Urine
58
-uria
Urination; urine condition
59
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Measurement of urea levels in blood
60
Creatinine clearance
Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidneys
61
CT scan
X-ray images show multiple cross-sectional and other views of organs and tissues
62
Kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)
X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
63
Renal angiography
X-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels and of the kidneys
64
Retrograde pyelogram (RP)
X-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder
65
Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
X-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while patient is voiding
66
Ultrasonography
Imaging of urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves
67
Radioisotope scan
Image of the kidney after Injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream
68
MRI
Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body
69
Cystoscopy
Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
70
Dialysis
Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood
Hemodialysis: (HD)- artificial kidney machine
Peritoneal dialysis: (PD)- catheter
71
Lithotripsy
Urinary tract stones are crushed
72
Renal angioplasty
Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries
73
Renal biopsy
Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination
74
Renal transplantation
Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
75