Chapter8

Question 1

addiction

Answer 1

Socially disapproved behaviour that is uncontrollable, repetitious, and possibly harmful.

Question 2

labeling

Answer 2

the process of defining and treating others as deviant.
Labelling theory explores the effects of negative labels on individuals’ self-conceptions and is interested in the development of a ‘deviant identity’. Social reactions
of condemnation and criminalization can lead actors to alter their individual characteristics and to adopt the values of
their labelled identity.

Question 3

drug

Answer 3

Any substance that causes a biochemical reaction in the body.

Question 4

drug abuse

Answer 4

This concept begins with the notion of excessive or inappropriate drug use resulting in social, psychological, and/or physiological impairments. It stems from a chronic physical and psychological compulsion to continue taking a drug in order to avoid unpleasant withdrawal symptoms.

Question 5

drug dependence

Answer 5

The routine need for a drug for physiological and/or psychological reasons.

Question 6

tolerance

Answer 6

A symptom of repeated and frequent drug use. It refers to the decreased effectiveness of any given drug.

Question 7

medicalization

Answer 7

The process through which behaviours are reconceived as instances of illness and are deemed no longer sinful since
they are outside personal control.

Question 8

drug subculture

Answer 8

A group of people who share common attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours surrounding drug use. These attitudes and
beliefs differ significantly from those of most people in the wider society.