Chapters 13 & 14 – Viruses, Prions & Disease Patterns 🧪 Flashcards
(20 cards)
A ____ is an obligate intracellular parasite that requires a host cell to replicate.
virus
The protein coat surrounding a virus’s nucleic acid is called a ____.
capsid
Viruses that infect bacteria are called ____.
bacteriophages
A ____ cycle results in host cell lysis and death, releasing new pathogens.
lytic
A ____ cycle integrates the phage DNA into the host genome as a prophage.
lysogenic
A ____ uses reverse transcriptase to convert RNA into DNA.
retrovirus
____ viruses have a lipid membrane derived from the host cell membrane.
Enveloped
____ on the viral envelope help with host cell attachment and entry.
Spikes
A ____ is a small circular piece of RNA that infects plants.
viroid
A ____ is a misfolded protein that causes neurodegenerative diseases like mad cow disease.
prion
A ____ is a microorganism that causes disease.
pathogen
The ability of a microorganism to cause disease is called ____.
pathogenicity
____ refers to the degree of pathogenicity.
Virulence
___ ___ are microbes that normally live on or in the body without causing disease.
Normal microbiota
A ____ is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
zoonosis
A disease constantly present in a population is called ____; one that spreads rapidly to many is ____.
endemic ; epidemic
____ are inanimate objects that transmit pathogens (e.g., doorknobs, utensils).
Fomites
The period between exposure and appearance of symptoms is the ___ ___.
incubation period
An infection that spreads throughout the body is a ____ infection; one confined to a small area is ____.
systemic ; localized
A ____ infection is acquired in a hospital or healthcare setting.
nosocomial
