Chapters 4-7 – Microbial Cell Structures & Growth 🧫 Flashcards
(20 cards)
The region in a prokaryotic cell where DNA is located is the ____.
nucleoid
A ___-___ cell wall has a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing ____.
gram-negative ; lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
____ are short, hair-like structures used for attachment.
Fimbriae
____ are used for motility in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Flagella
In prokaryotes, the cell wall is made of ____.
peptidoglycan
____ are highly resistant structures formed by bacteria like Bacillus or Clostridium.
Endospores
The ___ ___ controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
Eukaryotic ribosomes are __S, while prokaryotic ribosomes are __S.
80S ; 70S
The ____ helps bacteria evade the immune system and adhere to surfaces.
glycocalyx
The process by which bacteria move toward or away from chemical stimuli is called ____.
chemotaxis
The process of destroying all microbial life is called ____.
sterilization
A ____ is used on non-living surfaces to kill or inhibit microbes.
disinfectant
The lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension will be killed in 10 minutes is the ___ ___ ___.
thermal death point (TDP)
The time required to kill 90% of a population at a given temperature is the ___ ___ ___ (D value).
decimal reduction time (DRT)
____ uses moist heat under pressure to sterilize.
Autoclaving
____ is a method of sterilizing heat-sensitive liquids.
Filtration
___ radiation (like X-rays) causes damage to microbial DNA.
Ionizing
Alcohols are most effective at concentrations around __%.
70%
The ___ ___ test compares the effectiveness of disinfectants to phenol.
phenol coefficient
____ are microbes that grow best at human body temperature.
Mesophiles
