Chapters 17-19 – Immunity 🛡️

Question 1

Adaptive immunity is the body’s ____ defense that develops in response to antigens.

Answer 1

specific

Question 2

The two main branches of adaptive immunity are ____ immunity and ___-___ immunity.

Answer 2

humoral ; cell-mediated

Question 3

B cells are primarily responsible for ____ immunity and produce antibodies.

Answer 3

humoral

Question 4

T cells are responsible for ___-___ immunity and include helper and cytotoxic subtypes.

Answer 4

cell-mediated

Question 5

An ____ is a substance that triggers an immune response.

Answer 5

antigen

Question 6

The region on an antigen that antibodies bind to is called an ____.

Answer 6

epitope

Question 7

The five classes of antibodies are: ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 7

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD

Question 8

___ is the most abundant antibody in serum and can cross the placenta.

Answer 8

IgG

Question 9

Major ____ ____ (MHC) molecules help present antigen fragments to T cells.

Answer 9

histocompatibility complex

Question 10

____ selection explains how a specific B or T cell is activated and proliferates after antigen recognition.

Answer 10

Clonal

Question 11

A ____ is a preparation that includes artificial active immunity.

Answer 11

vaccine

Question 12

The first vaccine was developed by ____ to protect against ____.

Answer 12

Edward Jenner ; smallpox

Question 13

____ vaccines use weakened live microbes.

Answer 13

Attenuated

Question 14

____ vaccines use microbes that have been killed.

Answer 14

Inactivated

Question 15

A ____ is an inactivated toxin used as a vaccine (e.g., tetanus).

Answer 15

toxoid

Question 16

A ____ vaccine links a weak antigen to a carrier protein to improve response.

Answer 16

subunit

Question 17

A ____ vaccine links a weak antigen to a carrier protein to improve response.

Answer 17

conjugated

Question 18

___ ___ occurs when a high percentage of a population is immune, reducing disease spread.

Answer 18

Herd immunity

Question 19

____ tests detect antibodies or antigens in blood.

Answer 19

Serological

Question 20

An ____ test produces a color change to indicate presence of antigen or antibody.

Answer 20

ELISA

Question 21

A ____ is an exaggerated immune response that causes damage to the host.

Answer 21

hypersensitivity

Question 22

The four types of hypersensitivities are ____ (Type I), ____ (Type II), ___ ___ (Type III), and ___-___ mediated (Type IV).

Answer 22

anaphylactic, cytotoxic, immune complex, delayed-cell mediated

Question 23

Type __ reactions involve IgE and the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils.

Answer 23

I

Question 24

An example of a Type I reaction is ____.

Answer 24

anaphylaxis

Question 25

____ diseases occur when the immune system attacks self-antigens.

Answer 25

Autoimmune

Question 26

____ are conditions where the immune system is weakened or absent.

Answer 26

Immunodeficiencies

Question 27

____ is caused by HIV, which targets CD4+ T cells.

Answer 27

AIDS

Question 28

Organ rejection occurs due to recognition of foreign ____ molecules.

Answer 28

MHC