Chatpter 38: Common Conditions Of The Eyes & Ears Flashcards
(49 cards)
Can eye drops be used in the ear?
Yes, eye drops can be used in the ear
Can ear drops be used in the eyes?
No, never use ear drops in the eyes
How much volume does 1 drop of solution equal?
0.5ml
What should be done with suspensions before use?
Suspensions need to be shaken well
What effect can ointments have on vision?
Ointments can make vision blurry
What is glaucoma?
A disease of the eye that results in damage to the optic nerve and loss of the visual field.
Glaucoma is often associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP).
What is the typical intraocular pressure (IOP) in most cases of glaucoma?
Above normal range.
The normal range of IOP is generally considered to be between 10 and 21 mmHg.
What is the primary goal of glaucoma treatment?
To reduce intraocular pressure (IOP).
Lowering IOP can help prevent further optic nerve damage.
How many types of glaucoma are there?
Two types: open-angle glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma.
Each type has different causes and treatment approaches.
What is closed-angle glaucoma?
A medical emergency that requires surgery.
Closed-angle glaucoma can lead to rapid vision loss if not treated promptly.
List drugs that can increase IOP!
- anticholinergics: antihistamine, oxybutynin, tolterodine, benztropine, scopolamine, TCA
- decongestants
- chronic steroids ( red forte)
- topiramate
How to decrease IOP in the treatment of glaucoma
- Reduce aqueous humor production (make less fluid)
- Increase aqueous humor outflow (move fluid out)
- Do both with add-on treatment
What is used to reduce aqueous humor production?
- Beta blockers like timolol
- Carbonic anhydrous inhibitors like dorzolamide
What is used to increase aqueous humor outflow?
Prostaglandin analogs like latanoprost (first line)
When is beta blockers are preferred to decrease eye pressure?
If the pressure is high in one page only
List prostaglandin analog eye drops?
- Bimatoprost
- Latanoprost
- Travoprost
Bimatoprost brand name
Lumigan
Latanoprost brand name
Xalatan, xelpros
Travoprost
Travatan Z
Bimatoprost brand name approved for eyelash growth
Latisse
All prostaglandin analogs are dosed______
1 drop at bedtime
Warnings associated with prostaglandin analogs
- Darkening of the iris and eyelashes
- Increase in eyelash length and number
Side effects associated with prostaglandin analogs
Blurred vision, stinging, increased pigmentation and growth of eyelashes
How should latanoprost be stored before opening?
Refrigerator
