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Microbiology > Childhood Viral Diseases > Flashcards

Childhood Viral Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what family does measles belong to?

A

Paramyxovirus

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2
Q

T/F. Measles is a (-) ssRNA non-enveloped virus that replicates in the cytoplasm.

A

False. Measles is (+)ssRNA enveloped virus that replicates in the cytoplasm

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3
Q

what does fusion protein form?

A

syncytia

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4
Q

what does measles require to replicate its (-)ssRNA genome?

A

polymerase

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5
Q

How is measles infection acquired?

A

thru inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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6
Q

During its incubation period of __-__ days, Measles primary infection in respiratory epithelial tissues results in ____.

A

10-14; primary viremia (virus is in the blood)

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7
Q

T/F. A patient who exhibits the symptoms of measles is in the second round of virus replication.

A

True. This occurs in lymph nodes, tonsils, lungs, GI tract, and spleen

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8
Q

Measles recovery occurs ___ days after infection.

A

20

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9
Q

T/F. Measles is the most deadliest rash/fever illness of childhood.

A

true

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10
Q

what is the name of the characteristic bright red spots with bluish centers on buccal mucosafound in measles?

A

koplik spots

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11
Q

what is the cause of koplick spots?

A

virus and immune response damage to epithelial AND endothelial cells.

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12
Q

what complication can measles patients experience if they are vitamin A deficient?

A

blindness

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13
Q

what are two very rare conditions seen in measles patients?

A

acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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14
Q

T/F. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis occurs 7 to 10 years after measles infection.

A

true.

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of measles?

A

2-3 days fever

Cough, Coryza, and conjunctivitis (3 C’s)

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16
Q

T/F. Measles virus is easy to isolate in culture.

A

False. difficult

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17
Q

Are humans the only host for the measles virus?

A

Yes.

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18
Q

Measles vaccine provides ___ (short/long) immunity and is ___(killed/live-attenuated).

A

long; live-attenuated

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19
Q

Respiraty syncytial virus and Measles belong to the ______ family.

A

Paramyxoviruses

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20
Q

RSV is (__) ssRNA ___ (enveloped/non-enveloped) virus.

A

(-); enveloped

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21
Q

T/F. RSV and measles carry along a polymerase to replicate their genomes.

A

True.

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22
Q

RSV infects ___ cells in the respiratory tract epithelium.

A

ciliated

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23
Q

T/F. RSV’s fusion protein does not create a syncytia.

A

False. RSV fusion protein creates syncytia

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24
Q

What is the most important viral agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract infections?

A

RSV

25
Q

How is RSV transmitted?

A

inhalation of aerosol or fomites

26
Q

T/F. The replication of RSV is limited to the respiratory tract.

A

True.

27
Q

The incubation period for RSV is - days and ____(upper/lower) respiratory tract symptoms occur 1 to 3 days after (upper/lower) respiratory tract symptoms.

A

4-5; lower; upper

28
Q

T/F. Unlike measles, RSV has an animal reservoir.

A

False. RSV has no animal reservoir other than humans

29
Q

T/F. RSV infection yields life long immunity.

A

False.

30
Q

T/F. There is a vaccine and antiviral medication for RSV infections.

A

False.

31
Q

Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is used to provide passive _______. It targets the __ protein and is given (IV/IM) once a month.

A

immunoprophaylaxis; F (fusion); IM

32
Q

Varicella Zoster virus belongs to which viral family?

A

alphaherpesvirus

33
Q

Varicella zoster has a _-___ genome that is ____(enveloped/non-enveloped).

A

ds-DNA; enveloped

34
Q

where does varicella replicate?

A

nucleus

35
Q

Varicella requires ____(active/inactive) cells for replication and its genome becomes ____(linear/circular) during latent infections.

A

active; circular

36
Q

T/F. Chickenpox is caused by inhalation of aerosolized droplets and has an incubation period of 10 to 21 days.

A

true.

37
Q

where is the rash for chickenpox found?

A

scalp, face, and trunk

38
Q

How does shingles develop?

A

latent infection of chickenpox that is reactivated

39
Q

How is chickenpox treated?

A

Live-attenuated vaccination providing life-long immunity

40
Q

what is an antiviral treatment for chickenpox?

A

acyclovir

41
Q

to what family does Polio belong?

A

Picornavirus (also Hep A)

42
Q

what is the genome of Polio?

A

(+)ssRNA

43
Q

is Polio non-enveloped?

A

yes.

44
Q

where does replication of the Polio genome occur?

A

cytoplasm

45
Q

How is Polio acquired?

A

ingestion of material (water) containing virus

46
Q

What is the primary replication site for Polio? What results following infection?

A

Peyer’s patches of the small intestine leading to minor viremia. Secondary replication causes major viremia

47
Q

Polio is shed ___ for __ weeks.

A

fecally; 6

48
Q

Polio has CNS involvement when the virus replicates in the ___ ___ of the brain and spinal cord.

A

gray matter

49
Q

T/F. There is no vaccine for Polio.

A

False. Salk and Sabin

50
Q

Salk is ____(killed/live-attenuated) and Sabin is ____(killed/live-attenuated).

A

salK=Killed

sabin - live attenuated

51
Q

T/F. Polio has no animal reservoir other than humans.

A

True.

52
Q

Live attenuated vaccines provide ____ and ___ ___ immunity whereas, killed vaccines only provide ____.

A

antibody; cell mediated; antibody

53
Q

T/F. Rotavirus is in the Reovirus family?

A

True.

54
Q

The Rotavirus has a _-___ genome with __ segments in a _____ (enveloped/non-enveloped) virion.

A

ds-RNA; 11; non-enveloped

55
Q

where does Rotavirus replication occur?

A

cytoplasm

56
Q

T/F. The genome of Rotavirus is never exposed.

A

True.

57
Q

Rotavirus has an incubation period of __ days with diarrhea occuring 2-3 days after vomiting. Virus shedding occurs ____(days/weeks) before symptoms and ____(days/weeks) after recovery.

A

2; weeks; days

58
Q

When severe, Rotavirus is seen mostly in children ages __ to __ months.

A

6 - 24

59
Q

T/F. Rotavirus has infant vaccines available but no antiviral medications. The best treatment is frequent handwashing and oral rehydration.

A

True.

Microbiology (9 decks)

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