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Microbiology > Respiratory Viruses > Flashcards

Respiratory Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Influenza belongs to which virus family?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

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2
Q

Influenza is a (___) (+/-) ____ (ss/ds) ____ (RNA/DNA) _____ (enveloped/non-enveloped) virus.

A

(-); ss; RNA; enveloped

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3
Q

Adenovirus is a ____ (ss/ds) DNA _____ (enveloped/non-enveloped) virus.

A

ds; non-enveloped

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4
Q

Which virus is (+)ssRNA, non-enveloped virus that causes respiratory disease?

A

Rhinovirus

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5
Q

Which virus family does Rhinovirus share with Polio?

A

Picornavirus

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6
Q

What three viruses belong to the Picornaviridea family?

A

Hep A, Polio and Rhinovirus

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7
Q

What are the three types of Influenza viruses?

A

A, B and C

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8
Q

Type ___ (A, B, and C) is the most common Influenza and associated with the greatest concern.

A

Type A

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9
Q

T/F. The influenza virus has a non-segmented RNA genome.

A

False. The genome is segmented.

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10
Q

The _____(HA/NA/M2) protein is responsible for cell attachment of the influenza virus.

A

hemagglutinin (HA)

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11
Q

The ____ (HA/NA/M2) protein is associated with viral budding and release of the influenza virus.

A

Neuraminidase (NA)

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12
Q

Ion channel is associated with the ____ (HA/NA/M2) protein of influenza virus.

A

M2

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13
Q

The vaccine for influenza contains ___ (1/2/3) type A and ___ (1/2/3) type B viruses.

A

2; 1

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14
Q

What protein is the major determinant in the identification of avian vs human influenza viral strains?

A

HA

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15
Q

Alpha ____(2,3/2,6) sialic acid linkages are associated with Avian influenza virus.

A

2,3.

2,6 is found in the human strain

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16
Q

What is the animal reservoir for Type A influenza?

A

aquatic water fowl

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17
Q

Aquatic water fowl experience what symptom when infected with influenza?

A

diarrhea

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18
Q

The antigenic sites on the HA protein have an ____ (increase/decrease) in genetic drift.

A

increase. This increases the frequency of mutation and decreases antibody recognition.

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19
Q

Uptake by the _____ induces a conformational change triggered by a decrease in ____. This causes the membrane to ____ and allows cell entry.

A

endosome; pH; fuse.

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20
Q

Transcription and replication of the Influenza virus takes place in the ___ (nucleus/cytoplasm).

A

nucleus

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21
Q

How is influenza virus transmitted?

A

aerosol, large and small droplets

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22
Q

T/F. Eggs are better host for the Influenza virus than humans.

A

False. ID50 is a low as 0.3 to .6

23
Q

Type ___ (A/B/C) influenza virus and ______ lead to a complication known as Reye syndrome.

A

B; aspirin

24
Q

What temperature in eggs does influenza virus kept?

A

37oC

25
Q

Why are new vaccines developed every year for influenza virus?

A

virus mutations - antigenic shift

26
Q

What three components are in the live, attenuated Influenza virus?

A

H3N2, H1N1, and type B

27
Q

Coinfection of what strain uses reassortment to generate the Type A strain?

A

PR8 strain

28
Q

Development of resistance is common in which of the following antiviral drugs: amantidine, rimantidine, zanamivir, oseltamivir (Tamiflu).

A

Resistance: Amantidine, rimantidine

No resistance: zanamivir, oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

29
Q

Which drugs block the release of budding influenza virions?

A

zanamivir and oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

30
Q

Which influenza pandemic affected healthy individuals? What was the cause?

A

1918 Spanish Flu due to cytokine storm

31
Q

What strain was responsible for the 1918 Spanish Flu?

A

H1N1 strain

32
Q

What strain was responsible for the 1957 Asian Flu?

A

H2N2 strain

33
Q

Which influenza pandemic affected elderly and young children?

A

1957 Asian Flu

34
Q

What strains are responsible for the highly pathogenic Avian Influenza?

A

H5 or H7 strains

35
Q

H5 and H7 strains can mutate to _____ strains, which have multibasic residues at HA cleavage sites allowing for replication throughout the body (systemic infection).

A

HPAI

36
Q

What organism was used a a model for human infection?

A

ferrets

37
Q

After ___ (5/10) generations, the virus was capable of airborne transmission between animals ( ___(5/10) mutations in ___ (2/3) genes).

A

10; 5; 2

38
Q

What are the two most frequently studied Adenovirus serotypes?

A

2 & 5

39
Q

What receptors does the Adenovirus use to gain entry into the cell?

A

Coxsackie-Adenovirus receptor (CAR)

40
Q

How does the Coxsackie-Adenovirus receptor work?

A

pH triggered capsid disassembly then genome moves to the nucleus

41
Q

How many phases is the gene expression of adenovirus?

A

Three phases. Immediate early, early, and late

42
Q

In the Immediate-early phase, two transcriptional regulators (cell and virus) interact with the ____ portion of the genome.

A

E1A

43
Q

The early phase contains ____(4/5) genomes and is involved in DNA replication and post transcriptional events.

A

5

44
Q

During the late phase, there is a take over of cellular ____ (DNA/mRNA) synthesis.

A

mRNA

45
Q

During genome replication, the one displaced strand _______ to allow a template copy to be made.

A

circularizes

46
Q

Adenovirus ____(E1A/E1B) inactivates pRb leading to S phase gene expression.

A

E1A

47
Q

Adenovirus ___ (E1A/E1B) inactivates p53 leading to S phase and preventing apoptosis.

A

E1B

48
Q

What are some ways that E3 gene products evade the immune system?

A
  1. Block MHC class I expression reducing CTL cell killing.
  2. Blocks TNF induced apoptosis.
  3. Blocks IFN-alpha and -beta action keeping protein translation active.
49
Q

___ (25/50/75)% of respiratory infections caused by adenovirus occur before the age of 14.

A

75

50
Q

Acute respiratory disease (ARD) causes severe pneumonia in which patients?

A

military recruits. vaccine available

51
Q

T/F. Humans are the ONLY know reservoir for Rhinovirus disease.

A

True.

52
Q

How does Rhinovirus evade the immune system?

A

It attaches to intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), which plays a role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells.

53
Q

What two receptors does Rhinovirus bind to?

A

ICAM-1 and VLDL

54
Q

T/F. Rhinovirus has no vaccines and no antivirals.

A

True. No vaccines because too many serotypes. No antivirals because resistant mutants.

Microbiology (9 decks)

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