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Microbiology > Herpesvirus and Papillomavirus > Flashcards

Herpesvirus and Papillomavirus Flashcards

1
Q

T/F. All Herpes viruses are dsDNA viruses.

A

True

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2
Q

T/F. All Herpes viruses are enveloped.

A

True.

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3
Q

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 belong to the _____herpesviridae family.

A

alpha

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4
Q

Cytomegalovirus is part of the _____herpesviridae family.

A

beta

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5
Q

______ is from the gammaherpesviridae family.

A

Epstein-Barr virus

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6
Q

Alphaherpesvirus have a _____ reproduction cycle, ____ spread in culture, and efficient ____ of infected cells.

A

short; rapid; destruction

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7
Q

Where do Alphaherpesviruses establish latency?

A

sensory ganglia

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8
Q

Nearly 2/3 of adults are seropositive for which Herpes infection?

A

HSV-1

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9
Q

What tissues are primarily affected by HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections?

A

epithelial cells in the skin or mucosa; mucosa are more susceptible.

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10
Q

what is the incubation period for HSV-1 and -2?

A

2 - 14 days (typically 4 - 5 days)

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of a HSV infection?

A

flu-like with localized lesions that spreads primarily to neighboring cells

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12
Q

Are most people with HSV infections asymptomatic?

A

Yes

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13
Q

How long do the symptoms of a HSV infection last?

A

8 to 12 days

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14
Q

During the latency period, HSV’s genome _____ and stays as an ____ in the nucleus.

A

circularizes; episome

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15
Q

what type of ganglia are a common site for latent HSV infections?

A

peripheral

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16
Q

what is required for HSV infection?

A

cell mediated immune response

17
Q

How does the HSV modulate the immune response?

A 
HSV blocks the production and display of MHC class I and/or II proteins on the cell surface evading detection by T lymphocytes.
Viral proteins bind antibodies and complement proteins.
Counter the effects of interferon.
18
Q

What does acyclovir treatment do for HSV infections?

A

limits virus replication but cannot eliminate latent infections

19
Q

Betaherpesvirus infections have ____ (long/short) reproductive cycles, ____ (slow/fast) progression in cell culture and have characteristic ______ (large/small) infected cells.

A

long; slow; enlargement

20
Q

what is the most common childhood cancer in equatorial Africa?

A

Epstein-Barr virus induced Burkett’s lymphoma

21
Q

In all cases of Burkett’s lymphoma, tumor cells have _______ EBV episomes.

A

monoclonal

22
Q

what are the three types of Hodgkin’s lymphoma associated with Epstein-barr virus?

A

NL - nodular sclerosing
MC- mixed cellularity
LD - lymphocyte depleted

(60% to 90% of MC and LD tumors) and (20% to 40% of NL tumors)

23
Q

How does Beta/gammaherpesvirus evade the immune system?

A
  1. Block cell death / inhibits apoptosis
  2. Decrease NK cells / inhibit NK receptor activation
  3. Decrease antigen presentation / Degrade MHC class I and II / Blocks MHC class II and T-cell receptor interactions.
24
Q

CMV persist in _______ progenitor cells and macrophages in vitro.

A

hematopoietic

25
Q

EBV persist in ____ and ____ B cells.

A

genome; memory

26
Q

How are CMV and EBV viruses treated?

A

self - limiting
antiviral therapy that targets genome replication (resistance can develop)
immunoprophylaxis
no vaccines

27
Q

What is immunoprophylaxis?

A

passive transfer of antibodies for prevention of CMV infection

28
Q

Human papillmarvirus’s viron is ______ (enveloped/non-enveloped) and has _____ __DNA genome.

A

non-enveloped; circular dsDNA

29
Q

HPV establishes infection in the _____ layer of skin.

A

basal

30
Q

HPV requires a cell _____ for genome replication in _______ cells

A

polymerase; differentiating

31
Q

T/F. HPV is non-lytic and the virus is released with dead cell shedding.

A

True.

32
Q

How is HPV transmitted?

A

direct skin-to-skin contact, fomites (hardy to environmental stresses)

33
Q

HPV take ____ (days/months) to manifest and warts regress ___% (50/100) of the time on their own in ____ (2 /10) years.

A

months; 50%; 2 years

34
Q

HPV requires actively ____ cells to replicate and produce progeny.

A

replicating

35
Q

E7 blocks _____ protein causing continued cell proliferation and E6 blocks ____ tumor suppressor pathway leading to cervical cancer.

A

retinoblastoma; p53

36
Q

HPV serotype ___ and ___ are responsible for cervical cancer.

A

16 and 18

37
Q

T/F. Condoms reduce the risk of getting HPV infections

A

False.

38
Q

What types of HPV are targeted in the Gardasil vaccine?

A

6, 11, 16, and 18

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