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Bio 156 > Chp 2 Chemical Level Organization > Flashcards

Chp 2 Chemical Level Organization Flashcards

1
Q

anion =

A

negative

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2
Q

cation =

A

positive

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3
Q

isotopes have ____ number of protons and ____ number of neutrons and admit ____

A

same, different, radiation

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4
Q

What are 4 chemical bonds?

A

Ionic Bond,
Covalent Bond,
Hydrogen Bond
Polar-Covalent Bond

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5
Q

Ionic Bond either ____ or _____ electrons

A

gains, gives up

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6
Q

Covalent Bond is _____ electrons and is ______

A

sharing, non-polar

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7
Q

Hydrogen Bonds are ____ water molecules

A

between

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8
Q

Polar Covalent Bond is ____ sharing of electrons

A

unequal

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9
Q

inorganic compounds ______

A

don’t contain carbon

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10
Q

organic compounds _____

A

contain carbon

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11
Q

inorganic compounds are made by ____ or ___ bonds

A

ionic, covalent

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12
Q

organic compounds are made by ____ bonds

A

covalent

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13
Q

Acid is more ____ than ____

A

H, OH

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14
Q

Base is more ____ than ____

A

OH, H

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15
Q

Acid adds ____ ions when dissociates

A

H

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16
Q

Base adds ____ ions when dissociates

A

OH

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17
Q

Carbonic Acid - Bicarbonate Buffer System

A

H2O + CO2 H2CO3 H + HCO3

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18
Q

H2CO3 =

A

carbonic acid

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19
Q

HCO3 =

A

bicarbonate acid

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20
Q

Buffer is a substance that ____ against a ____ change

A

protects, pH

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21
Q

Buffer removes ____ ions when to high, and replaces ___ ions when to low

A

H, H

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22
Q

macromolecules are ____ molecules

A

big

23
Q

macromolecules include

A

lipids, protein, carbohydrate, nucleic acids

24
Q

Monomers = ___, ____, __&____, ______

A

sugar, amino acid, glycerol & fatty acids, nucleotides

25
Q

Polymers = ____, ____, ____, _____

A

carbohydrate, protein, lipids, nucleic acids (RNA/DNA)

26
Q

monomer sugar = polymer

A

carbohydrate

27
Q

monomer amino acid = polymer

A

protein

28
Q

monomer glycerol & amino acid; fatty acid = polymer

A

lipids

29
Q

monomer nucleotides = polymer

A

nucleic acids RNA/DNA

30
Q

ATP is a _____ with ______

A

nucleotide, 3 phosphate

31
Q

ATP is when ____ breaks off _____ energy

A

phosphate, releasing

32
Q

glycogen is stored in ____ and used for ____

A

liver, ATP/ADP

33
Q

Monosaccharides include

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

34
Q

Disaccharides include

A

sucrose, maltose, lactose

35
Q

Polysaccharides include

A

starch, cellulose, glycogen

36
Q

Triglyceride is made up of _____ and _____

A

3 fatty acid, glycerol

37
Q

Triglyceride is deposited into ____ and used for ____

A

adipose. fat insulation

38
Q

Fatty acid include ___ and ____

A

saturated, unsaturated

39
Q

Saturated fatty acid has _____ bonds and _____

A

no double bonds, no bends

40
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid has _____ bonds and _____

A

double, bends

41
Q

Phospholipid is made up of a ____ and _____ and ____

A

glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate group

42
Q

Phospholipids has a ____ head and a _____ tail

A

hydrophilic, hydrophobic

43
Q

Enzyme 4 properties

A
  1. proteins
  2. catalysts cells
  3. name ends in “ase”
  4. regulated by cell
44
Q
  1. ____ binds to ____ sight of enzyme 2. enzymes active sight are _____ to substrates
A

substrate, active, specific

45
Q

Enzymes increase reaction by lowering ____ needed

A

energy

46
Q

what does combining a carbohydrate and protein create?

A

glycoprotein

47
Q

What makes up 96% of body?

A

HONC, Hydrogen Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon

1, 2, 3, 4 bonds

48
Q

What is Goiter?

A

iodine deficiency

49
Q

if you gain electrons you become more ____ and if you lose electrons you become _____

A

negative, postive

50
Q

Carboxyl Group does what?

A

attaches to fatty acid COOH

51
Q

steroids have ____ structure

A

ring

52
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

removes water

53
Q

Hydrolysis

A

adds water

Bio 156 (10 decks)

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