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Bio 156 > Chp 5 Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chp 5 Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the integumentary system consist of?

A

skin and accessory structures

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2
Q

skin is made of _____ tissue types

A

all 4

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3
Q

Dermatology

A

specialty diagnosis and treatment of integumentary disorders

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4
Q

What two parts does the skin consist of?

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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5
Q

Epidermis is…
composed of?
it is _____

A

superficial, thin portion
epithelial tissue
avascular

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6
Q

Dermis is…

A

deeper, thicker portion

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7
Q

what is dermis composed of?

A

connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

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8
Q

whats embedded in the dermis?

A

accessory structures

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9
Q

what does accessory structures consist of?

A

hair, hair follicles, exocrine glands, nails

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10
Q

beneath two skin layers, and ____ apart of skin find ______ layer

A

not, subcutaneous layer

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11
Q

subcutaneous layer is also called ____ and _____

A

hypodermis, superficial fascia

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12
Q

What are 6 functions of skin and subcutaneous layer?

A
  1. protection
  2. excretion
  3. thermoregulation
  4. synthesis vitamin D
  5. storage
  6. cutaneous sensation
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13
Q

Calcitriol is…

A

hormone helps in calcium and phosphorous absorption from food in digestive system

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14
Q

Cutaneous Sensation is: ____, _____, _____, _____ receptors in skin relay info to _____ system

A

touch, pain, pressure, temperature, nervous

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15
Q

Epidermis consists of what kind of epithelial cells?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Epidermis transition of ____ cells at _____ layer to ____ cells near _____ surface

A

cuboidal, basal, flat, apical

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17
Q

What do epidermal cells rely on _____ to transport nutrients and oxygen from _____ in _____

A

diffusion, capillaries, dermis

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18
Q

Cells found near ____ surface of epidermis are most _______ active

A

basal, metabolically

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19
Q

superficial cells of epidermis near ____ surface either ____ or ____

A

apical, inert, dead

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20
Q

What four principle cell types does epidermis contain?

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans Cells, Merkel Cells

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21
Q

Keratinocytes most _____ epithelial cells in body

A

abundant

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22
Q

Keratinocytes make lots of _____

A

keratin

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23
Q

Keratin is…

What does it protect from?

A

tough fibrous protein

heat, microbes, chemicals

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24
Q

Melanocytes make a pigment called _____

A

melanin

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25
Melanin...
contributes to skin colour, absorb damaging ultra violet light
26
Langerhans cells are...
skin macrophages that contribute to immune response
27
Merkel cells are.... | where are they located?
sensory cells | deepest layer of epidermis
28
Merkel cells attached to end ________, give us some of our sense of _____
sensory neurons, touch
29
What are two types of skin?
thin and thick
30
Thin skin is _____ layers of _____, covers most ______
4, keratinocytes, body surface
31
Thick skin is ____ layers of ____, covers ____ and _____
5, keratinocytes, palms of hands, soles of feet
32
What are 5 layers of epidermis?
1. stratum basale (stratum germinative) 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Lucidum 5. Stratum Corneum
33
Stratum basale is found?
deepest layer of epidermal layer
34
Stratum basale contains? (3)
basal cells, melanocytes, Merkel cells,
35
Basal cells are?
stem cells with high mitotic rates
36
basal cells have ability to _____ into _____
differentiate, keratinocytes
37
Stratum Spinosum consists of? (2)
8-10 layers of living keratinocytes, langerhan cells
38
In stratum spinosum _____ are constantly pushed _____ as more keratinocytes produced in _______
keratinocytes, superficially, stratum basale
39
In Stratum Spinosum keratinocytes ____ more and more as _____ moves up
accumulate, keratin
40
Stratum Granulosum is?
3-5 cell layer thick
41
in stratum granulosum ____ eventually undergo ____
keratinocytes, apoptosis
42
Stratum Lucidum is found?
thick skin, glassy
43
Stratum Corneum consists of?
15-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes filled with keratin
44
in stratum corneum cells are surrounded by ___, which provide effective _______ _____
lipids, water-repellent barrier
45
in stratum corneum cells constantly ____ and replaced by _____ from ____ layers
shed, new cells, lower
46
Keratinization
formation fo superficial layers of cells filled with keratin
47
Callus is constant exposure to _____ and is thickening of stratum ______
friction, corneum
48
Psoriasis is? | Ichthyosis is?
skin generation takes 7-10 days instead of 2-4 weeks, generation is faster cell generation produce normal rate, skin flaking slower
49
Psoriasis makes skin ____ and _____
flakey, scaly
50
colour of skin is result of _______ and ______ circulation
epidermal pigmentation, dermal blood
51
what three pigments are involved in skin colour?
Carotene Melanin Hemoglobin
52
Pigment is?
type of chemical has distinct colour
53
Carotene is?
yellow/orange normally accumulates in epidermal cells
54
Melanin is?
brown/black produced by melanocytes of stratus germinativum
55
Hemoglobin is?
red pigment in blood carries oxygen
56
hemoglobin appears ___ when carrying oxygen, and ____ when not carrying oxygen
red, blueish
57
the number of melanocytes is ____ in all people, but melanocytes produce _____ amounts of _____ in people
same, different, melanin
58
small amount of melanin =
pale yellow skin
59
large amount of melanin =
increase in skin darkness
60
exposure to ____ stimulates ____ production
UV radiation, melanin
61
Albinism is?
deficiency or inability to produce pigment melanin
62
people with albinism show ____ number of ____, but ____ is not produced
same, melanocytes, melanin
63
Cyanosis diagnosis colour? What you see? Example?
blue skin and nail beds blood not properly oxygenated shock, inadequate blood flow
64
Jaundice diagnosis colour? what you see? example?
yellow skin and eyes bilirubin liver disfunction
65
Bilirubin is?
yellow pigment, not being broken down properly by liver
66
Erythema diagnosis colour? what you see? example?
red capillaries in skin fill with blood burn, inflammation, allergy
67
Melasma example is _______ resulting from ______
hyper pigmentation, melanin production
68
Vitiligo is loss of _____ causing _____ patches
melanocytes, white
69
skin cancers example (2)
basal cell carcinoma, melanoma
70
UV radiation is damage to ____ and _____
DNA, fibroblasts
71
Rickets caused by ____ deficiency, resulting in ____ of bones from weight of _____
Vitamin D3, bending, body
72
Vitamin D3 sources: 1. _____ causes _____ cells to convert ______ to ______ 2. cells in _____ convert steroid to _____ or Vitamin D3 3. ____ converts cholecalciferol using intermediary product used by _____ to synthesize hormone ____ which is essential for ____ and _____ absorption in _____ intestine
1. sunlight, epidermal, steroid, vitamin D3 2. stratum spinosum/basale, cholecalciferol 3. liver, kidney, calcitiriol, calcium, phosphorus, small
73
Pressure Ulcers caused by?
constant deficiency of blood flow to tissues
74
What are 2 major components of Dermis?
Papillary layer and reticular layer
75
Papillary Layer is? | contains ____ and _____
superficial layer | areola tissue, capillaries
76
Reticular Layer is? | Contains?
deeper layer | large amounts collagen and elastic fibres made by fibroblasts
77
Fibroblast
produces collagen and fibres
78
Wrinkles
collagen fibres decrease, elastic fibres lose elasticity
79
Stretch marks occur when skin is _____ over ____ period causing _____ to break down
stretched, long, elasticity
80
Subcutaneous Layer (SubQ) is ____ part of skin
not
81
Subcutaneous layer _____ position of skin
stabilizes
82
What do parts of SubQ layer contain?
large arteries and veins, large amounts adipose tissue
83
with age distribution of subcutaneous fat changes in response to ____ hormones
sex

Bio 156 (10 decks)

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