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Bio 156 > Chp 3.5 Microbiology and Disease > Flashcards

Chp 3.5 Microbiology and Disease Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Infectious Disease

A

disease that can be transmitted

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2
Q

what are infectious diseases caused by?

A

pathogens

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3
Q

Pathogen can be? 1. ____ 2.____ 3. _____ 4. ____ 5. _____

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parisites

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4
Q

Communicable Infectious Disease

A

spread from one individual to another

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5
Q

Contagious Disease

A

diseases highly communicable

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6
Q

examples of contagious disease? 1. ____ 2. _____

A

small pox, measles

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7
Q

Non-Communicable Infectious Disease

A

infectious diseases can’t be spread from individual to another

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8
Q

Epidomology

A

study of factors or mechanisms involved in spread of infectious disease

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9
Q

Inherited Disease caused by _______

A

abnormal genes

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10
Q

What are two types of Inherited Disease?

A

Hemophilia, Sickle-Cell Anemia

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11
Q

Hemophilia

A

genetically not encoding eg. clotting factors

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12
Q

Sickle-Cell Anemia

A

causes hemoglobin to crystallize making sickle cell shape

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13
Q

Neoplastic Disease refers to ____

A

cancers

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14
Q

what are two types of Immunity Related Diseases

A

Autoimmune disease, immune-deficiency disease

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15
Q

Autoimmune Disease

A

body attacks own tissues

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16
Q

example of autoimmune disease

A

lupus, rheumatoid arthiritis

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17
Q

Immune Deficiency Disease

whats an example?

A

occurs when one or more components of immune system fail to function properly
SCID - bubble boy

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18
Q

Degenerative Diseases caused by ____

A

aging

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19
Q

Examples of degenerative diseases?

A
  1. Osteoporosis
  2. Respiratory Insufficiency
  3. Cardiac Insufficiency
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20
Q

Nutritional Deficiency Disease caused by _____ of essential _____ in diet

A

shortage, nutrients

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21
Q

Examples of Nutritional Deficiency Disease? 1. ____ 2. ____ 3. _____

A

scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), blood clotting (vitamin K), rickets (Vitamin D)

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22
Q

Endocrine Diseases

A

excessive or inadequate production of hormones

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23
Q

Examples of Endocrine Diseases

A

diabetes and giantism

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24
Q

Iatrogenic Diseases caused by ________ an example being ______

A

medical intervention, reaction to drugs

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25
what are infections that are a result of surgery?
nosocomial infections
26
Environmental Diseases
caused by exposure to environmental toxin
27
examples of environmental disease
lead poisoning, mercury poisoning
28
Idiopathic Diseases
diseases with unknown cause
29
Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia
failure of bone marrow to form blood cells
30
Pathology
study of disease
31
Pathophysiology
study of changes in body caused by disease
32
Acute
rapidly developing, may be severe
33
Chronic
persistent, long term disease may be severe or mild
34
Latent
disease comes and goes, or relapses
35
What are three characteristics of bacteria?
smaller than human cells less DNA than human cells prokaryotic cells
36
Characteristics of prokaryotic cells
don't have organelles | have cell membrane and cell wall
37
What classifies bacteria?
shape and reaction to gram staining
38
What are two common shapes of bacteria?
Coccus, bacillus
39
Coccus is ____ shape and an example is _______
round, staphylococcus aureus
40
Bacillus is ____ shape and an example is _____
rod, escherichia coli
41
what colour is gram positive?
purples
42
what colour is gram negative?
pink
43
A gram negative bacteria peptidoglycan wall is _____
thin
44
a gram positive bacteria peptidoglycan wall is ______
thick
45
How do bacteria reproduce?
cell division
46
What is binary fission?
most common form reproduction in prokaryotics
47
binary fission is division in ____
half
48
Opportunistic Pathogens causes _____ in immune ______ host and gain access to ______ regions
diseases, compromised, sterile
49
Autoclave
used to sterilize, kills organisms
50
an autoclave uses _____ and ____ to sterilize equipment
temperature 121C and pressure
51
Endospores
develop inside some bacteria cells
52
what are two ways bacteria can be beneficial?
makes vitamin K | occupies space prevent harmful bacteria from entering that space
53
bacteria can cause ____ f it gets into open wound
infection
54
what cells rush to an area to from pus to clear away bacteria?
white blood cells
55
Whats Flesh Eating Disease responsible for?
Strep throat
56
Fascia
tissue sheet that surrounds muscles
57
What happens when Fascia infects the body?
toxin sent through blood stream, causes necrosis of tissue
58
Necrotising Fasciitis is?
Flesh Eating Disease
59
Characteristics of viruses
1. small 2. not cells 3. cause human diseases
60
What are viruses?
small segments nucleic acids RNA or DNA covered by protein coat
61
when viruses get in cell, they ____ cell, use cells organelles and component to _____ themselves
hijack, reproduce
62
what are two forms of virus reproduction
Lytic Cycle, Lysogenic Cycle
63
Lytic Cycle
- phage attaches to cell - injects DNA - replicates and lyses the cell - releasing phages
64
Lysogenic Cycle
- phage DNA turns into prophage - transmitted to daughter cell - cell divisions produce colony bacteria infected with prophage - sometimes prophage exits chromosome, permitting lytic cycle
65
HIV acts as __________
receptor-mediated endocytosis
66
what does HIV retrovirus have? ____ and ____
RNA , nucleic acid
67
on HIV protein coat, has protein called _____
gp120
68
gp120 specifically recognizes receptor ____ on surface of helper T cells
CD4
69
once inside helper T cell virus ___ is converted to ____ and becomes incorporated into cells ______
RNA, DNA, genetic material
70
infected T cells either enter _____ cycle or _____ cycle
lytic, lysogenic
71
what treats HIV?
AZT
72
bacteria example
pneumonia
73
viruses example
influenza
74
fungi example
yeast infection
75
protozoa example
malaria, guardia
76
parisites
tape worm, crabs

Bio 156 (10 decks)

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