Chp8-P250-End Flashcards
(23 cards)
Serial Position Effect?
A characteristic of memory retrieval in which the recall of beginning and end items on a list is often better than recall of items appearing in the middle
Primacy effect?
Improved memory for items at the start of a list
Recency effect?
Improved memory for items at the end of a list
Contextual distinctiveness?
The assumption that the serial position effect can be altered by the context and the distinctiveness of the experience being recalled.
Levels of processing theory
A theory that suggest that the deeper the level at which information was processed the more likely it is to be retained in memory.
Transfer appropriate processing
The perspective that suggests that memory is best when the type of processing carried out at encoding matches the processes carried out at retrieval
Priming?
In the assessment of implicit memory, the advantage conferred by prior exposure to a word or situation.
Proactive interference?
Circumstances in which past memories make it more difficult to encode and retrieve new information
Retroactive interference?
Circumstances in which the formation of new memories makes it more difficult to recover older memories.
Elaborative rehearsal
A technique for improving memory by enriching the encoding of information.
Mnemonic?
A strategy or device that uses familiar information during the encoding of new information to enhance subsequent access to the information in memory.
Metamemory?
Implicit or explicit knowledge about memory abilities and effective memory strategies, cognition about memory.
Concept?
A mental representation of kinds or categories of items and ideas.
Basic Level?
The level of categorisation that can be retrieved from memory most quickly and used most efficiently.
Schema?
A general conceptual framework or cluster of knowledge regarding objects, people and situations.
Prototype?
The most representative example of a category
Exemplar?
A member of a category that people have encountered.
Reconstructive memory?
The process of putting information together based on general types of stored knowledge in the absence of a specific memory representation.
Flashbulb memory
a person’s vivid and richly detailed memory in response to personal or public events that have great emotional significance.
Engram?
The physical memory trace for information in the brain
Amnesia?
A failure of memory caused by physical injury, disease, drug use or psychological trauma.
anterograde amnesia?
An inability to form explicit memories for events that occur after the time of physical damage to the brain.
Retrograde amnesia?
An inability to retrieve memories from the time before physical physical damage to the brain.
