Circulation Flashcards
(11 cards)
What is an open wound? (1)
An open wound is one in which there is disruption in continuity. This includes burns. It is usually obvious and therefore gets treated early.
Give examples of open wounds? (8)
Laceration
Incision
Impalement
Puncture
Abrasion
Burn
GSW/fragmentation
External haemorrhages (usually compressible)
Discuss the principles of wound management (4)
- Cut away any clothing covering the wound
- Do not remove foreign matter embedded into the wound
- Dress wounds carefully with a pressure dressing
- Burns = apply strips of cling film
How can we treat open wounds? (5)
- Direct pressure with elevation
- Splinting
- Tourniquet
- Compression bandage
- Indirect pressure
What is a closed wound? (1)
A closed wound happens when blunt trauma to an area causes damage to underlying soft tissue but no break in skin continuity. Characteristic of a closed wound is a contusion over the injured site.
What is a fracture? (1)
A fracture is a chip, crack or break in the continuity of a bone.
What are signs of a fracture?
Tenderness/pain on site of injury
Deformity
Inability of movement
Possible reduced sensitivity
Possible loss of distal pulse
What are the signs and symptoms of an internal haemorrhage?
- Increased pulse rate (over 100)
- Swelling
- Tenderness
- Hyporesonance within chest
- Reigid areas felt over abdominal area
- MOI
Describe the management of an internal haemorrhage? (3)
- Urgent evacuation
- Blood transfusion
- Surgical intervention
Describe the typical blood loss for:
- fractured rib?
- closed femoral fracture?
- haemothorax?
- closed tibial fracture?
- fractured pelvis?
- fist-sized blood clot?
- fractured rib? 150m each
- closed femoral fracture? 1.5L
- haemothorax? 2L per side
- closed tibial fracture? 500ml
- fractured pelvis? 3L+
- fist-sized blood clot? 500ml
What are contrindications of giving oral fluids? (3)
- Those requiring surgery
- Risk of vomiting
- Major abdominal trauma
