CIrculatory

Question 1

What is the conduction system of the heart?

Answer 1

Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Purkinje fibers

Question 2

What are the heart layers?

Answer 2

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Question 3

Characteristics of endocardium?

Answer 3

Endothelium
collagen
adipose

Question 4

Characteristics of myocardium

Answer 4

cardiac myocytes

purkinje fibers

Question 5

characteristics of epicardium?

Answer 5

mesothelium
collagen
adipose

Question 6

What does mesothelium secrete?

Answer 6

serous fluid

Question 7

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Answer 7

Dense connective tissue that separates atria and ventricles

Question 8

What is the annulus? Trigone?

Answer 8

Connective tissue that surrounds valves

Trigone is connective tissue between AV canals and aortic valve

Question 9

What supports the heart valves?

Answer 9

cardiac skeleton

Question 10

Do purkinje fibers have T-tubules?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

3 layers of Tunica intima?

Answer 11

Endothelium
Subendothelium
Internal elastic lamina

Question 12

What is the tunica media?

Answer 12

Smooth muscle w/ external elastic lamina

Question 13

What is tunica adventitia?

Answer 13

Connective tissue of vessel wall

Question 14

What are myointimal cells?

Answer 14

cells within tunica intima that thicken with age

Question 15

What is the thickest layer?

Answer 15

Tunica media

Question 16

What are symptoms of vascular intimal thickening?

Answer 16

increase in blood pressure
hypertension
coronary heart disease

Question 17

d ARTERIOLES HAVE EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What do vascular endothelial cells and macrophages produce?

Answer 18

NO

Question 19

What are the components of the capillary?

Answer 19

endothelium & basement membrane

Question 20

What are the 4 types of capillar?

Answer 20

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous
sinusoidal

Question 21

Characteristics of continuous capillaries

Answer 21

No pores in endothelial cells

Most common

Question 22

Caracteristics of fenestrated capillaries

Answer 22

pores within endothelial cells

Kidneys

Question 23

Characteristics of sinusoids

Answer 23

gaps in basal lamina

Liver, spleen, bone marrow

Question 24

Chracteristics of discontinuous capilaries

Answer 24

discontinuous endothelium

Liver, spleen

Question 25

Are mast cells found in capillaries?

Answer 25

No, found in connective tissue by capillaries

Question 26

Describe specific blood flow through capillary

Answer 26

``` Arteriole metarterioles precapillary sphincter capillary postcapillary sphincter vein ```

Question 27

Name the 2 capillary shunts

Answer 27

arteriovenous anastomosis | glomerular capillary

Question 28

What nervous system controls capillary circulation?

Answer 28

autonomic nervous system

Question 29

describe overall blood flow through capillary

Answer 29

``` arteriole capillary post-capillary venule collectinvg venule muscular venule ```

Question 30

Difference between a vein and a venule?

Answer 30

Veins have tunica intima

Question 31

What does a neurovascular bundle consist of?

Answer 31

``` Venules arteriole lymphatic nerve capillary ```

Question 32

FUnction of lymph vessels?

Answer 32

Transport excess interstiital fluid back to venous system

Question 33

Do lymphatic capillaries have a basement membrane?

Answer 33

No, endothelium only

Question 34

What % of blood loss causes hypovolemia?

Answer 34

25%

Question 35

What can lactic acidosis be a symptom of?

Answer 35

Shock, lack of perfusion

Question 36

What can be used to treat circulatory shock?

Answer 36

Peripheral vasoconstriction