Nerves

Question 1

Where are ganglion located?

Answer 1

Outside CNS

Question 2

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 2

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 3

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 3

Everything except brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What is the cell body called?

Answer 4

Soma, perikaryon

Question 5

What is Nissl substance and where is it located?

Answer 5

Clumps of rER located in the cell body and dendrites

Question 6

Does the soma have a nucleolus?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What is the background of nervous tissue called?

Answer 7

Neutropil

Question 8

Do dendrites conduct signals toward or away from the soma?

Answer 8

Toward

Question 9

D axons conduct signals towards or away from soma?

Answer 9

Away

Question 10

When do axons not transmit information away from the soma?

Answer 10

Pseudounipolar neurons

Question 11

What cells produce myelin in the central nervous system? Peripheral?

Answer 11

Central: oligodendrocytes
Peripheral: Schwann cells

Question 12

What are the 3 types of neuron shape?

Answer 12

Bipolar, pseudounipolar, multipolar

Question 13

What are bipolar neurons used for?

Answer 13

Sight, hearing, smell

Question 14

What are pseduounipolar nerves used for?

Answer 14

Regular sensory neurons

Question 15

What are multipolar neurons used for?

Answer 15

Most motor neurons

Question 16

Where can synapses occur?

Answer 16

Cell body, axons, dendrites

Question 17

What is bodain classification of neurons?

Answer 17

Dendritic zone (area that is stimulated/inhibited)

Axonic zone (conducting part)

Telodendritic zone (terminal mods that allow for transfer of information at synapse)

Question 18

What is the bodain classification of a bipolar neuron?

Answer 18

Dendritic zone: Dendrites

Axonic zone: Axon & cell body

Telodendritic zone: End of axon

Question 19

What is the bodain classification of a pseduounipolar neuron?

Answer 19

Dendritic zone: on lower part of neuron

Axonic zone: Axon, cell body

Telodendritic zone: right above cell body

Question 20

What is the bodain classification of a multipolar neuron?

Answer 20

Dendritic zone: Dendrites & cell body

Axonic zone: Axon

Telodedritic zone: End of axon

Question 21

What are the neuroglial cells of the central nervous system?

Answer 21

Astrocytes, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal cells

Question 22

What are the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 22

Satellite cells (ganglionic gliocytes)

Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes)

Question 23

What is the purpose of neuroglial cells?

Answer 23

To provide support to the central nervous system because there is little CT

Form scars by proliferating astrocytes after injury

Nutrition, communication

Question 24

What is an astrocyte?

Answer 24

Largest neuroglial cell

Protoplasmic is found in grey matter

Fibrous is found in white matter (surround nodes of ranvier)

Question 25

What is the purpose of astrocytes?

Answer 25

Recycle neurotransmitters, maintenance of synapses, maintain the blood-brain barrier, antigen-presenting

Question 26

What diseases are astrocytes key in?

Answer 26

Alzheimers, ALS, Alexander's disease

Question 27

Where are oligodendroglia located?

Answer 27

In the CNS In grey matter near perkarya to produce myelin In white matter to produce myelin

Question 28

How many neurons can one oligodendrocyte envelop?

Answer 28

Several

Question 29

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 29

Line cavity of brain and spinal cord Contribute to formation of Cerebrospinal fluid Stem cell properties (proliferate in response to injury, generate neuroblasts and astrocytes)

Question 30

What are microglial cells?

Answer 30

Small and dense phagocytic cells

Question 31

What is the bouton?

Answer 31

Expanded area of the axon that contributes the presynaptic membrane

Question 32

Describe the synaptic cleft

Answer 32

Gap between neurons that contains fine filaments and electron dense material

Question 33

What is the subsynaptic web?

Answer 33

Filamentous materials associated with the post synaptic membrane

Question 34

What is the tripartite synapse?

Answer 34

Astrocytic processes at the synaptic cleft form connections with neuronal synapses and each other with gap junctions

Question 35

Does neurogenesis occur?

Answer 35

Yes, throughout life. Neural stem cells have astrocytic and neuroepithelial potential Ependymal cells of the central canal are pluripotential

Question 36

What is dedifferentiation?

Answer 36

Progenitor cells are mono or uni-potent. If a cell becomes bipotent it has dedifferentiated to a stem cell

Question 37

What is transdifferentiation?

Answer 37

A cell becoming a cell type from a different embryonic lineage

Question 38

Where is epineurium located?

Answer 38

Around entire nerve fiber

Question 39

Where is perineurium located?

Answer 39

Around each fasicle

Question 40

What are the perineural cells?

Answer 40

A sleeve-like layer of epithelioid cells immediately around fasicles

Question 41

What is endoneurium?

Answer 41

Surrounds individual axons (along with myelin)

Question 42

How many neurons can schwann cells envelop?

Answer 42

One, many schwann cells on one axon

Question 43

Describe unmyelinated fibers

Answer 43

Several nerve fibers sit in simple clefts of schwann cells

Question 44

What is the gap between schwann cells called?

Answer 44

Node of ranvier

Question 45

What is each separate myelin segment referred to as?

Answer 45

Internode

Question 46

Why don't myelin sheaths stain?

Answer 46

They're made of mostly lipids

Question 47

Where are satellite cells located?

Answer 47

Surrounding the perikarya in the ganglion

Question 48

What neuron types do not leave the CNS?

Answer 48

Interneuron, upper motor neuron

Question 49

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue that surround the CNS?

Answer 49

``` dura mater (outer) arachnoid (inner) pia mater (inner) ```

Question 50

What space is filled with CSF?

Answer 50

Subarachnoid space