Respiratory system

Question 1

How are bird respiratory systems different than mammals?

Answer 1

Air sacs

no diaphragm or pleural cavity

Question 2

What is the primary bronchus?

Answer 2

Principal

main bifurcation

Question 3

What is a secondary bronchus?

Answer 3

lobar bronchus off of principal bronchus

Question 4

What is a teritary brochus?

Answer 4

segmental bronchus off of lobar bronchus

Question 5

Where do bronchioles branch off of?

Answer 5

Tertiary bronchus

Question 6

Where does O2/CO2 exchange occur?

Answer 6

Alveolus

Question 7

Wat are respiratory mucosa layers?

Answer 7

Lamina propria
Epithelium
muscularis mucosa

Question 8

WHat is the nasal vestibule?

Answer 8

mucocutaneous junction

Question 9

Difference between respiratory and olfactor epithelium?

Answer 9

tangled cilia in olfactory

Bownman’s glands instead of goblet cells

Question 10

Wha type of exchange is the lamina propria involved with?

Answer 10

heat exchange

Question 11

What shape of neuron are in olfactory?

Answer 11

bipolar

Question 12

What is the purpose of bowman’s glands?

Answer 12

dissolve substances for olfactory detection

Question 13

Why are the dorsal neurons in the olfactory bulb important?

Answer 13

Innate fear responses

Question 14

What is the nasopharynx

Answer 14

Located above soft palate and filled with lymphoid tissue and nerve endings that are open to environment

Question 15

Wat type of epithelium covers the larynx?

Answer 15

Respiratory epithelium

Question 16

Where is the vocal fold located?

Answer 16

Larynx

Question 17

What is the stroma of the lungs made of?

Answer 17

Elastic fibers

Question 18

What is the major parenchyma of the lungs?

Answer 18

Alveoli

Question 19

What is the visceral pleura of the lungs made of?

Answer 19

Tnica serosa

mesothelium

Question 20

Does the trachea have a muscularis mucosa?

Answer 20

No

trahcealis muscle

Question 21

Do brionchioles have a muscularis mucosa?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

What type of cartilage is located in the trachea?

Answer 22

Hyaline

Question 23

What type of epithelium is present in the trachea?

Answer 23

respiratory epithelium

Question 24

Are there elastic fibers in the trachea?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

What is the diffuse neuroendocrine system

Answer 25

Cells secrete hormones | Regulates air flow

Question 26

Where are clara cells located?

Answer 26

Bronchioles

Question 27

What are the 2 functions of clara cells?

Answer 27

Surfactant production | Stem cells

Question 28

Where does gas exchange begin?

Answer 28

Respiratory bronchiole

Question 29

What is the epithelium of the alveolar duct?

Answer 29

simple squamous

Question 30

What are type I pneumocytes

Answer 30

endothelial cells

Question 31

what are type II pneumocytes

Answer 31

produce surfactant stem cells cuboidal and vaculoated due to lamellar bodies (surfactant)

Question 32

Name 3 cels that may be present in interalveolar septum

Answer 32

Type I and II pneumocytes | macrophage

Question 33

What are the 2 types of macrophages in alveoli?

Answer 33

Septal | Free (PAM)

Question 34

What are the 3 components of the blood-air barrier

Answer 34

Endothelial cell basement membrane alveolar type I pneumocyte

Question 35

What is the purpose of the blood air barrier?

Answer 35

Gas exchange

Question 36

What is the nutriotional supply of the lungs?

Answer 36

bronchoesophageal artery

Question 37

What is the functional supply of the lungs?

Answer 37

pulmonary artery

Question 38

What are the 4 components of avian system?

Answer 38

Bronchi Parabronchi Atria (bronchiole) Air capillary (alveolar sac)

Question 39

What moves air in and out of the lungs in birds?

Answer 39

Air sacs

Question 40

Does bird respiration only move in one direction?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

In one breath how many times is the bird lung filled?

Answer 41

Twice