Integument

Question 1

What are the 5 layers on skin?

Answer 1

Stratum corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 2

Where does cell division of skin cells happen?

Answer 2

Stratum basale

Question 3

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Answer 3

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

Question 4

Characteristics of the papillary layer of the dermis

Answer 4

Dermal ridges interdigitate with rete pegs of the epidermis

Question 5

Which layer is the thickest layer of the dermis?

Answer 5

Reticular

Question 6

What is the most common cell of the epidermis?

Answer 6

Keratinocytes

Question 7

What 2 cancers generally arise from keratinocytes?

Answer 7

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 8

What are Langerhans cells?

Answer 8

Antigen-presenting cell found in Stratum spinosum

Question 9

Where do melanocyte originate from?

Answer 9

Neural crest

Question 10

What cells accept melanin from melanocytes?

Answer 10

Keratinocytes

Question 11

What is a Merkel cell?

Answer 11

Modified keratinocyte in contact with nerve ending

Question 12

Is the hair follicle continuous with the epidermis of the skin?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What are the sections of the hair?

Answer 13

Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla (thick hair)

Question 14

What is the difference between the root and the shaft of hair?

Answer 14

Root is embedded in follicle

Shaft protrudes from surface

Question 15

What does the bulb of the hair surround in the dermis?

Answer 15

Dermal papilla

Question 16

Where is the cuticle located?

Answer 16

Between hair & inner root sheath

Question 17

Where is the ‘glassy’ basement membrane of the hair follicle located?

Answer 17

Between outer root sheath & connective tissue

Question 18

Where are dividing cells located?

Answer 18

Bulb

Question 19

Where are the cells that form the medulla located?

Answer 19

Tip of dermal papilla

Question 20

Where are the cells that form the side of the hair located?

Answer 20

Cortex

Question 21

Where do the cells for the cuticle and inner root sheath form?

Answer 21

Base of papilla

Question 22

What are the 3 hair types?

Answer 22

Guard
Wool
Sensory

Question 23

Where are the nerve endings located in tactile hairs?

Answer 23

Connective tissue

Question 24

What is the main difference between tactile and normal hair?

Answer 24

Tactile hair has venous sinus

Question 25

The venus sinus in tactile hair divides which layer of the follicle in to 2 layers?

Answer 25

Connective tissue sheath

Question 26

What 2 types of tissue is the hoof made of?

Answer 26

Tubular horn | Intertubular horn

Question 27

What is the purpose of intertubular horn?

Answer 27

Holds tubular horn together

Question 28

What layer produces cells for hoof growth?

Answer 28

Stratum basale

Question 29

Similar to the epidermis, the hoof receives blood supply from the underlying connective tissue (dermis). What is this called in the horse?

Answer 29

Corium

Question 30

What is the coronet?

Answer 30

Junction of hoof wall & skin

Question 31

What is the periople?

Answer 31

Cuticle-like covering of hoof that makes it shiny

Question 32

What are the components of the hoof wall?

Answer 32

coronet | Periople

Question 33

What is the white line of the hoof?

Answer 33

Junction of hoof wall and sole

Question 34

What is the frog?

Answer 34

Tissue located in ground surface

Question 35

What are the projections of the corium called?

Answer 35

Laminae | Pappillae

Question 36

What are the primary adherence structures of the hoof wall?

Answer 36

Laminae

Question 37

What acts as the template for hoof wall, sole and frog tissue?

Answer 37

Papillae

Question 38

How does the papillae act as the template for hoof growth?

Answer 38

Cause epidermis to form tubules and intertubular horn

Question 39

How does laminae act as the main adherence structure?

Answer 39

Increases surface area for hoof wall adhesion

Question 40

Are laminae present in both epidermis (hoof) and dermis (corium)?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

What are the 2 divisions of laminae?

Answer 41

Primary | Secondary

Question 42

What is the difference between primary and secondary laminae?

Answer 42

Primary is visible | Secondary is microscopic

Question 43

Where do primary epidermal laminae connect?

Answer 43

Inner surface of stratum medium

Question 44

Where do secondary laminae attach?

Answer 44

To primary laminae

Question 45

What type of dermal layers are secondary laminae composed of?

Answer 45

Stratum basale | Stratum spinosum

Question 46

What function does the stratum externum (periople) provide?

Answer 46

Waterproofing

Question 47

What is the stratum medium?

Answer 47

Makes majority of hoof wall

Question 48

What is the stratum internum?

Answer 48

Forms epidermal laminae

Question 49

What is the weak area of the hoof wall?

Answer 49

White line

Question 50

Where does cell division occur for hoof wall?

Answer 50

Stratum basale in corium of coronary band

Question 51

How much do hooves grow per month?

Answer 51

1/4 - 1/2"

Question 52

If a defect occurs at the coronary region, how long does it take to grow out completely?

Answer 52

8-12 months

Question 53

What is the coffin bone of the horse?

Answer 53

3rd phalanx

Question 54

Separation of the hoof wall from the 3rd phalanx (laminitis) is due to loss of normal function of what?

Answer 54

Laminae

Question 55

What is the difference in cell division of tubules and intertubular horn?

Answer 55

Tubules: cells divide on papillae Intertubular horn: cells divide between papillae

Question 56

What is the main difference between claws/nails & hooves?

Answer 56

Claws/nails do not have secondary laminae

Question 57

What is the main difference between bovine and equine hooves?

Answer 57

Bovine hooves don't have laminae

Question 58

Are there any large difference between the way antler/horns grow and hooves?

Answer 58

Not much Antlers are shed every year Antlers are covered in skin