Circulatory Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
It is the organ system, that brings nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and other needed substances to the cells of the body from various point of origin
A
Circulatory system
2
Q
What are the two system that makes up the circulatory system
A
cardiovascular system
lymph vascular system
3
Q
Circulating mulky substance
A
lymph
4
Q
Circulating substance in the cardiovascular system
A
blood
5
Q
What comprises the cardiovascular system
A
heart
blood vascular system
6
Q
What are the types of blood vessel
A
capillary
vein
artery
7
Q
It brings blood from the heart to the lungs then back to the heart
A
pulmonary circulation
8
Q
It brings blood from the heart to all the other tissues and organs of the body and then back to the heart
A
systemic circulation
9
Q
It is a hollow muscular organ, the size of a clenched fist,
A
heart
10
Q
where is the heart located
A
central mediastinum of the thoracic cavity
11
Q
What are the 4 chambers of the heart
A
right and left ventricle, right and left atria
12
Q
It is a connective tissue that envelopes the heart
A
Pericardium
13
Q
What are the pouches of the pericardium
A
FIbrous and serous pericardium
14
Q
More external pouch that lines the central mediastinum
A
Fibrous pericardium
15
Q
Pouch that has 2 layers during development; invaginate it from behind
A
serous pericardium
16
Q
The more external of the layers of the serous pericardium adheres to the fibrous pericardium
A
Parietal pericardium
17
Q
The more internal layer adheres to the heart
A
Visceral pericardium
18
Q
Space between the parietal and visceral pericardia
A
Pericardial cavity
19
Q
What is the parietal pericardium made of (tissue)
A
loose connective tissue
20
Q
What covers the parietal pericardium
A
epicardium
21
Q
What are the histologic layers of the heart
A
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
22
Q
It is the thinnest histologic layer of the heart
A
Endocardium
23
Q
What are the layers of the endocardium
A
endothelium
subendothelium
subendocardium
Purkinje fibers
24
Q
It is the layer that adjoins the cardiac lumen is a simple squamous epithelium
A
Endothelium
25
It is a very thin layer of loose connective tissue
Subendothelium
26
It is a loose connective tissue a misnomer because the layer is part of the endocardium
Subendocardium
27
It is the impulse-conducting system of the heart
Purkinje fibers
28
It is the thickest layer of the heart
Myocardium
29
What are the cells that compose the myocardium
Cardiac muscle fibers
30
What are the hormones that the cardiac muscle fibers secrete
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
| Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
31
This histologic layer of the heart is synonymous with visceral pericardium
Epicardium
32
What is the type of tissue of the epicardium
loose connective tissue
33
What type of tissue is the skeleton of the heart
dense CT
34
It form the central support of the heart
Cardiac skeleton
35
What are the 3 components of the cardiac skeleton
Septum membranaceum
Annuli fibrosi
Trigona fibrosa
36
Cardiac valves are vascular. T/F
F (avascular)
37
Contraction of cardiac muscle is triggered by an electrical impulse that is non contracticle
Purkinje fibers
38
what are the cell-to-cell attachments of Purkinje fibers
desmosomes, gap junctions, fascia adherens
39
What are the impulse conducting system of the heart components
```
Sinoatrial node (SA Node)
internodal tracts
Atrioventricular node (AV Node)
AV bundle of His
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
```
40
It consists of a dense network of interwoven Purkinje fibers that are slightly smaller than those found anywhere in the heart
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
41
It is also called the cardiac pacemaker
SA Node
42
It generates electrical impulse that initiates cardiac contraction
Purkinje fibers
43
What are the 3 small bundles of Purkinje fibers
anterior internodal tract (of Bachman)
middle internodal tract (of Wenckebach)
posterior internodal tract (of Thorel)
44
It is another collection of purkinje fibers that is located in the myocardium of the posterior lower part of the septum
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
45
Where is the AV Bundle of His located
Trigonum fibrosum
46
IT is where the AV bundle bifurcates to form the right and left bundle branches
Septum membranaceum
47
It runs downward along the periphery of the septum membranaceum in the subendocardium of the right ventricle
Right bundle branch
48
IT is also a subendocardium but of the left ventricl
Left bundle branch
49
What supplies the heart wall
Left and Right Coronary arteries
50
What drains the heart wall
Cardiac veins
51
Where is the main coronary arteries and branches located
Inner epicardium
52
It is the end arteries
Coronary arteries
53
Where does the cardiac veins empty
Coronary sinus
54
Where does the heart receive efferent nerve fibers
Vagus nerve (CNX) and sympathetic division of the (ANS)
55
It serves as a lining material not merely to facilitate the flow of blood through the blood vessels but also to regulate diffusion of substances and cells to and from blood
Endothelium
56
What are the blood clotting factors that endothelial cells secrete
von Willebrand factor, endothelins, protacyclins, nitic oxide
57
It is the simplest of the blood vessels
Capillaries
58
It has an ovoid or elongated nucleus that bulges into the lumen of the vessel while their attenuated cytoplasm is clear to finely granular
Capillary endothelial cells
59
They are slender elongated call and not part of the wall of capillaries
Pericytes (Rouget cell)
60
What are the types of capillaries
Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal
61
This capillaries is characterized by an uninterrupted endothelium where adjoining endothelial cells adhere to each other by interdigitating
Continunous (type I)
62
Where can the Type I capillaries be found
muscle
lungs
central nervous system
skin
63
This type of capillaries the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells is very thin and is pierced bat intervals by pores that are bridged by a diaphragm
Fenestrated (type II)
64
Where can the Type II capillaries be found
GI tract
endocrine glands
pancreas
reneal glomerolus
65
This type of capillaries has an irregular and large cross-sectional outline
Sinusoidal capillaries
66
What are the histologic layers of the walls of arteries and veins
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
67
This wall layer consists of an endothelium and subendothelium
Tunica intima
68
What kind of tissue is the tunica intima
loose CT and smooth muscle cells
69
It is a layer in the tunica intima which consists of the non-fibrillar form of elastin that lies external to the subendothelial layer
internal elastic lamina
70
Part of arteries that contain shaped cytoplasmic inclusion
Weibel-Palade bodies
71
Weibel Palade bodies serve as storage site for ___
von Willebrand factor
72
This wall layer is mainly made up of concentrically arranged smooth muscle fibers
Tunica media
73
Part of the tunica media that is external to the smooth muscle layer that is made up of non-fibrillar form of elastin
External elastic lamina
74
It is chiefly made of loose CT where cells and fibers are arranged longitudinally
Tunica adventitia
75
It is able to deliver blood to the capillaries under greatly reduced pressure
Arterioles
76
Branch of small capillary
Precapillary
77
The tunica intima of the small artery consists of
endothelium
78
The tunica media of arterioles consists of
a single layer of smooth muscle cells
79
The tunica media of the arterioles is composed of
loose CT
80
This type of artery distribute blood to the different parts of the body
Medium artery (Muscular arteries)
81
What is the biggest muscular arteries
Brachial and femoral arteries
82
What are the layers of the tunica intima of the medium artery
endothelium
subendothelium
internal elastic membrane
83
What is the type of tissue of muscular artery
elastic and collagenous & few fibroblast
84
The tunica media of the muscular artery is made up of what
smooth muscle cells with small amt of CT
85
What is the tunica adventitia of the muscle artery contain
lymphatic vessels, nerves, and vasa vasorum
86
It is small blood vessels that are present within the wall of large blood vessels. They are generally confined to the adventitia
Vasa vasorum
87
What is a great example of an elastic artery
Aorta
88
It has a wall relatively thin compared to the caliber of the vessel
Elastic artery
89
What is the tunica intima of the elastic artery made of
endothelium
| subendothelium
90
What kind of tissue is the elastic artery
loose CT
91
Part of the large arteries that are in the innermost elastic lamella of the tunica media
internal elastic membrane
92
It is the thickest of the 3 histologic layer of the large artery
Tunica media
93
It is arranger in sheets of elastin in the large artery
elastic lamellae
94
What is the tunica media of the large artery made of
CT and smoothe muscle cells
95
It is relatively thin in the large artery and merges with the surrounding connective tissue that contains the vase vasorum
Tunica adventitia
96
Serve as the pump of the cardiovascular system during ___
diastole
97
The elastic arteries store part of mechanical energy generated by the contraction of the heart by stretching the wall
Systole
98
The tunica media of the arteries of the upper limbs are better developed than those of the lower limbs. T/F
F
99
There are 2 layers of the umbilical arteries the inner and outer layer. T/F
T
100
The coronary arteries have thick walls. T/F
T
101
What are the sensory organs associated with arteries
carotid bodies
aortic bodies
carotid sinuses
102
A sensory organ of 2 small structures that are embedded in the tunica adventitia
Carotid and aortic bodies
103
The carotid and aortic bodies have what type of cells
```
type I (glomus)
Type II (sheath)
```
104
What are the sheath cells of the carotid and aortic bodies
Glial-like
105
It is the slightly dilated area in the left and right internal carotid arteries
Carotid sinuses
106
It has more numerous in distribution and have bigger calibers, more irregular lumens and thinner and less elastic walls
Veins
107
It is essentially capillaries that have incorporated in a small amt of connective tissue into their wall; sites for exchange of gases and substance between blood and surrounding tissue
Venules
108
This layer of venules has several of this layer
tunica media
109
This layer of the venules is thick
tunica adventitia
110
IT includes almost all the named veins and their principle tributaries
Medium veins
111
What does the tunica intima of medium veins contain
endothelium and thin endothelial layer
112
What does the tunica media of the medium vein contain
circularly arranged smooth muscle cells
113
What does the tunica adventitia of the medium vein contain
connective tissue; vasa vasorum
114
What are examples of large veins
inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, pulmonary and portal veins
115
This layer of the large vein is thicker than the ones found in smaller veins
tunica intima
116
This layer of the large vein is poorly developed and very few smooth muscle fibers are present
Tunica media
117
This layer of the large vein is very thick and consists of 3 zones
Tunica adventitia
118
What are the 3 zones of tunica adventitia
internal zone
middlezone
outerzone
119
What does the internal zone comprise of
fibroelastic CT
120
What does the middle zone comprise of
smooth muscle fibers
121
What does the outer zone consists of
collagen and elastic fibers
122
Blood vessels that connect small arteries directly to small veins
Arteriovenous anastomoses (AV anastomoses)
123
In the skin of hands and feet the AV anastomosis form a large no of small histologically recognizable bodies that are rich in nerve fibers
Glomera
124
Artery or vein that is in between the capillaries
Portal vessel
125
This system drains the capillaries of the median eminence
Hypophyseoportal system
126
Collect escapes of plasma proteins from plasma and return them to the venous side of the circulation
Lymph vascular system
127
It is the smallest tubes that comprise the system
lymphatic capillaries
128
It is called this when interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries
Lymph
129
It is a milky substance which contain lymphocytes and fat droplets
Lymph
130
These ducts drain into the veins at the back of the neck
Lymphatic ducts
131
Where is the lymphatic capillaries not present
cartilage, bone, bone marrow, teeth, placenta, CNS
132
The lymphatic system has pericytes. T/F
F
133
The tunica intima of the lymph vessels consists
endothelium with CT layer
134
The tunica media of the lymph vessels consists
1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle cells
135
The tunica adventitia of the lymph vessels consists
Elastic and collagen fibers
136
What are the lymphatic ducts
right lymphatic and thoracic
137
It is smaller and shorter; all the lymph collected from the structures on the right side of the body above the diaphragm empties into this duct
Right lymphatic duct
138
It collects lymph from the parts of the body that are not drained by the other one
Thoracic duct
139
It drains its lymph into the venous system at the junction of _____ and ______
Left jugular and subclavian veins
