Muscle Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
It is the ability of a muscle to shorten
A
contractility
2
Q
These cells are associated with very small blood vessels
A
Pericytes
3
Q
These cells are associated with acini and small ducts of exocrine glands
A
Myoepithelial cells
4
Q
These cells exhibit the greatest degree of contractility among all cells
A
Muscle cells (myocytes)
5
Q
It is the basic tissue responsible for locomotion
A
Muscle Tissue
6
Q
Where are muscle cells derived from
A
Mesoderm
7
Q
Where does the iris of the eye arise from
A
Ectoderm
8
Q
Sarcolemma
A
Cell membrane
9
Q
Sarcoplasm
A
cytoplasm
10
Q
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
A
smooth ER
11
Q
Sarcosome
A
mitochondria
12
Q
What are the classification according to anatomy
A
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
13
Q
What are the classification according to striation
A
Striated
Non-Striated
14
Q
What are the classification according to contraction
A
Voluntary
Involuntary
15
Q
It forms mouse shape organs
A
Skeletal Muscle
16
Q
This is typically where the muscle is attached to
A
Tendon
17
Q
What kind of tissue is a tendon
A
Dense regular CT
18
Q
It is referred to as origin or insertion
A
Skeletal muscle
19
Q
What are the exceptions, where is the muscle tissue not attached to
A
Upper third of esophagus
Muscle of facial expression
20
Q
The contraction of this muscle is quick and forceful
A
Skeletal muscle
21
Q
What are the factors affecting variation in diameter of skeletal muscles
A
Age
Sex
State of nutrition
Physical training
22
Q
It the increase of cell volume
A
Hypertrophy
23
Q
It is increase in number of cells
A
Hyperplasia
24
Q
It is the collection of numerous skeletal muscle fibers bunched in groups
A
Fascicles
25
Fascicles are enveloped by a tough, dense, irregular CT that keeps fascicles together
Epimysium
26
Within the muscle of the fascicle is encased by a connective tissue called this
Perimysium
27
This layer is external to basal lamina
Endomysium
28
It is the inner connective tissue that is the avenue for blood vessels and nerve fibers
Perimysium
29
It is the external connective tissue layer that is dense irregular CT
Epimysium
30
What are the precursor cells of skeletal muscle
Myoblasts --> Mesenchymal cells
31
Transitional regions where collagen fibers of the tendons insert themselves
among muscle fibers and associate with complex infoldings of sarcolemma.
Myotendinous junction
32
It has an oval nuclei, longitudinally oriented and located in the periphery of the cell
Skeletal Muscle cells
33
How did muscle cells arise
```
Mesenchymal cells →
Myoblast(precursor
cells) → Myotubes
→Myofilaments →
Muscle cells
```
34
The sarcoplasm of this cells are acidophilic with fewer rER and ribosomes
Skeletal Muscle cells
35
It is an oxygen-binding protein
Myoglobin
36
What are the inclusions of the skeletal muscle cells
Lipid droplets
| Glycogen granules
37
It is the light band
Isotropic bands (I-band)
38
It is the dark bands
Anisotropic bands (A-band)
39
A fine dark transverse line that bisects the I-band
Zwischencheiben line (Z-line)
40
A lighter mid portion of the A-band
Heller band (H-band)
41
It bisects the H-band
Mittelscheibe line (M-line)
42
It is a myofibril made up of small contractile units
Sarcomere
43
What are the types of myofilaments
Thick
| Thin
44
This filament is located in the middle zone of a sarcomere; Span the region of an A band
Thick filaments
45
This filament occupy the peripheral zones of a sarcomere
Thin filaments
46
What are the proteins present in the thin filaments
actin
troponin
tropomyosin
47
What are the proteins present in the thick filaments
myosin
48
What are the most abundant proteins in myofilaments
actin and myosin
49
It is the principal protein component of thin filaments
F-actin
50
What are the 2 stands of F-actin
Globular and soluble actin (G-actin)
51
It has a role in regulation of contraction
Troponin-tropomyosin complexes
52
What are the z-line proteins that anchors to F-actin
a-actinin
| Desmin
53
It contain two polypeptide chains that forms a long polymer
Tropomyosin
54
What are the 3 subunits of Troponin
TnT
TnC
TnI
55
It attaches to tropomyosin
TnT
56
It binds to calcium ions
TnC
57
It inhibits actin-myosin interaction
TnI
58
It is composed of 6 polypeptide chains
Myosin
59
Thin rod like molecules, tail
2 heavy chains
60
Associated with the head
4 light chains
61
How many myosin molecules are in the thick filament
274
62
Tubular invaginations from the sarcolemma that anastomose to surround the sarcomeres
Transverse tubules
63
Membrane-bound channels in between the T- tubules
Functions to capture and store calcium ions for muscle contraction
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
64
Pair of large flattened cisternae located at the junction of A- and I- bands
Found on either sides of the T-tubule
Terminal cisternae
65
T-tubule with a pair of terminal cisternae
Triad
66
T-tubule with a pair of terminal cisternae
Monor Endplate
67
Connects with sarcolemma of muscle fibers
Axon terminals
68
Somatic motor neuron attached to the muscle fiber
Motor unit
69
Aka primary synaptic cleft; Depression on surface of muscle fibers
Synaptic trough
70
It is also known as secondary synaptic clefts, it is deep folds within the primary synaptic cleft
Junction folds
71
It is a neurotransmitter which signals depolarization
Acetylcholine
72
What are the types of muscle fibers
red
white
intermediate
73
Smaller, Richer in blood supply, Sarcoplasm has more mitochondria, glycogen granules and myoglobin, Slow twitch muscle fibers
Red
74
Fast twitch muscle fibers; More forceful contractions
White
75
Morphological and physiological characteristics in between red and white fibers
Intermediate
76
Group of sensory receptors surrounding muscles, tendons and their connective tissue
Proprioceptive organs
77
What are the classification of proprioceptive organs
sensory receptors and proprioceptors
78
What are the sensory receptors
Free nerve endings
Vater-Pacinian corpuscles
Ruffini's corpuscles
79
What are the prorpioceptors
Free nerve endings
Neuromuscular spindles - AKA muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
80
It is embedded in the endomysium and perimysium; Involved in fine motor movements
Neuromuscular spindle
81
What does the capsule of fusiform consists
Fluid
| Modified striated muscle fibers
82
Degree and velocity of stretch applied
Stratch receptor
83
What are the modified striated muscle fibers of intrafusal fibers
nuclear bag and nuclear chain
84
It is dilated and multinucleated
Nuclear bag
85
It is not dilated and set of nuclei in a row
Nuclear chain
86
What are the 2 sensory nerve endings?
Annualspiral endings
| Flower-spray ending
87
It is unmyelinated terminations spirally wrapped around the central portion of intrafusal muscle fibers
Annualspiral ending
88
It is smaller with innervate peripheral portions of intrafusal fibers
Flower-spray endings
89
It is located in tendons with collagen enclosed in connective tissue capsule
Golgi tendon organ
90
It is striated, involuntary, with big blood vessels
Cardiac muscle
91
It has 1-2 nuclei and is centrally located
Cardiac muscle
92
This type of muscle cells has branches at the ends
Cardiac muscle cells
93
What are the other organelles and structures in cardiac muscles
myofibrils
t-tubules
sarcoplasmic reticulum
intercalated discs
94
The sarcoplasm is more abundant in the cardiac muscle cells. T/F
T
95
It surrounds the z-lines, and lumen is bigger compared to skeletal (cardiac muscle cells)
T-tubules
96
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is not as well developed. Only 1 terminal cisterna is associated with T-tubule dyad. T/F
T
97
Specialized junctions which attach cardiac muscle fibers to other cardiac muscle fibers
Intercalated discs
98
broad intercellular junction, not band or belt
Fascia adherens
99
What regions does the electron microscope exhibit in the cardiac muscle
Transverse and lateral portion
100
It serves as an anchor
Transverse portion
101
It contains the gap junctions
Lateral portion
102
It is a specialized cardiac muscle cells that are non-contractile
Purkinje fibers
103
It is involunatry, slow and not as forceful contractions
It has a fusiform shape
Smooth muscle
104
What kind of nucleus does smooth muscle have
single, located at the thickest part of the cell
105
Its sarcoplasm acidophilic, abundant myofilaments and organelles are located in perinuclear area
Sarcoplasm of smooth muscle cells
106
Its myosin is less than skeletal muscles
Its myosin is less than skeletal muscles
107
It does not have a sarcomere/myofibrils (no striations)
Smooth muscle cells
108
It does not contain troponin
Smooth muscle cells
109
It has a poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
Smooth muscle cells
110
It is a small residual population of myoblast-like stem cells within the basal lamina surrounding the muscle cells
Satellite cells
111
This muscle cells are the least capable of regeneration
Cardiac muscle cells
112
What is the ratio of thin to thick filament in smooth muscle
15:1
113
What is the ratio of thin to thick filament in skeletal musle
6:1
114
Where is ratio of thin and thick filaments higher the skeletal or smooth muscle
Smooth muscle
