Skin and Appendages Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
What % accounts for the weight of the skin in the body
A
15%
2
Q
Where is the location of the thinnest skin
A
eyelids
3
Q
Where is the location of the thickest skin
A
soles of the feet
4
Q
Forming ____ helps in regulation of body temperature
A
sweat
5
Q
What helps in the production of vitamin D
A
UV rays of the sunlight and 7-dehydrocholestrol in the epithelial tissue
6
Q
What are the layers of the skin
A
Epidermis
Dermis
7
Q
Where is epidermis derived from
A
Ectoderm
8
Q
Where is the dermis derived from; What kind of tissue is it
A
Mesoderm; connective tissue
9
Q
It is an irregular conical projections
A
Dermal papillae
10
Q
Irregular conical invaginations of the epidermis
A
epidermal ridges
11
Q
What anchors the dermis
A
Hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue
12
Q
What kind of tissue is hypodermis
A
loose connective tissue
13
Q
What kind of tissue is epidermis
A
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
14
Q
When does the epidermis renew
A
Every 20 to 30 days
15
Q
What % comprises keratinocytes
A
85 to 95%
16
Q
It is an intermediate filament that is also present but in much lesser amounts in other epithelial cells
A
Keratin
17
Q
What are the types of skin
A
Thick and thin skin
18
Q
What area does the thick skin cover
A
Palms and soles
19
Q
What are the layers of the thick skin
A
stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum
20
Q
What is the other term for stratum basale
A
stratum germinativum
21
Q
What is the other term for stratum spinosum
A
prickle cell layer
22
Q
What is the other term for stratum lucidum
A
clear layer
23
Q
What is the other term for stratum corneum
A
horny cell layer
24
Q
What comprises the cornified layer
A
stratum corneum and lucidum
25
What comprises the stratum malpighii
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
26
It consists of a single layer of tall cuboidal keratinocytes
stratum basale
27
It consists of polyhedral keratinocytes arranged in several layers
stratum spinosum
28
It consists of 3 to 5 layers of keratinocytes that are more flattened
stratum granulosum
29
It is a histidine-rich protein in the keratohyaline granules
Profillagrin but when reach the corneum then becomes fillagrin
30
The cells of this layer are dead cells
stratum granulosum
31
It consists of 4 to 6 layers of flat, dead, anucleate keratinocytes
stratum lucidum
32
It consists of 15 to 20 rows of flattened keratinocytes
stratum corneum
33
It is a superficial layer that is free of each other and continuously shed
stratum dysjunctum
34
It covers the whole body except the palms and the soles
thin skin
35
What are the layers of thin skin
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum corneum
36
What are the other cells types in the epidermis
melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells
37
What does melanocytes produce
melanin pigment
38
What % does the melanocytes comprise in the epidermis
7 to 10%
39
Where can melanocytes be seen in the epidermis
stratum basale and stratum spinosum
40
What laboratory technique is used to distinguish melanocytes from Langerhans cells
DOPA technique (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)
41
It is a membrane bound granules in the cytoplasm
melanosomes
42
Melanin is produced in the melanosomes. T/F
T
43
What amino acid is melanin from
Tyrosine
44
How many keratinocytes is supplied by each melanocyte
30
45
A melanocyte and keratinocyte that supplies with melanin is called
epidermal melanin unit
46
What are the pigments of the skin
Carotene
Hemoglobin
Melanin
47
It is a substance that is present in the intercellular substance of the epidermis that gives the skin a yellowish hue
Carotene
48
It is the red oxygen-carrying pigment present in RBC that circulate in the capillaries of the dermis
Hemoglobin
49
It gives the skin its brown to black shade
Melanin
50
Skin color is based on the number of melanocytes and not the amount of melanin of the melanocytes produce. T/F
F
51
Where did melanocytes arise from
Neural crest
52
These are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are not only in the skin but in the stratified squamous epithelia
Langerhans cells
53
What % of the dermis does Langerhans cells comprise
3 to 8%
54
It is a rod-shaped, membrane-bound granules
Birbeck granules
55
Where are Langerhans cells derived from
Bone marrow
56
They are the least in number among the cells types in epidermis. Usually occur singly and occasionally in clusters in the basal region of the dermis
Merkel cells
57
It is a disc-shaped cell with short cytoplasmic processes
Merkel cells
58
What is the composition of a Merkel disc
merkel cell + axon termination + sensory neuron
59
This layer is much thicker than the epidermis
Dermis (Corium)
60
What are the histologic layers of the dermis
Papillary and reticular layer
61
It is the the more superficial layer of the dermis
Papillary layer
62
What kind of tissue is papillary layer
loose connective tissue
63
What comprises the papillary layer
dermal papillae
64
It is thicker than the papillary layer
Reticular layer
65
What kind of tissue is reticular layer
dense irregular connective tissue
66
It is the layer that binds the dermis of the skin to the underlying structures
Hypodermis
67
What kind of layer is the hypodermis
loose connective tissue
68
What does the hypodermis contain
adipose cells
69
Numerous adipose tissue
Panniculus adiposus
70
What are the groups of sensory nerve endings
Simple nerve endings (free nerve endings)
Expanded-tip nerve endings (Merkel discs)
Encapsulated nerve endings (Ruffini's corpuscles, end bulbs of Krause, Vater-Pacinian corpuscles, and Meissner's corpuscles)
71
What are the structures derived from the epidermis
har, nail, cutaneous glands (sabaceous glands, and sweat glands)
72
It is a filamentous, keratinized structure that covers practically the whole body except the lips, palms, soles, distal dorsal parts of fingers etc
Hair
73
It is the part of the hair that projects from the surface of the skin
Shaft
74
Part of hair that is embedded in the skin
Root
75
What comprises a hair follicle
hair root and sheaths
76
IT is a thin smooth muscle whose one end attached to the connective tissue surrounding the hair follicle at about its mid-length
Arrector pili muscle
77
It is the simulataneous contraction of numerous arrector pili muscles
Goose pimple or goose flesh
78
It is part of the hair that is bulbous proximal portion
Hair bulb
79
It consists of connective tissue where capillaries that supply the hair follicle with nutrients and oxygen are embedded
Hair papilla
80
What are the histological layers of mature hair
medulla
cortex
cuticle
81
It is absent in thin hair but occupies the core of hair
Medulla
82
It surrounds the medulla and is the thickest of the concentric layers of hair
Cortex
83
This layer receives greater number of melanosomes
Cortex
84
It is the thinnest of the concentric layers
Cuticle
85
Active growth period of hair follicle
Anagen
86
Rest period of hair follicle
Telogen
87
What is the growth and resting period of scalp
2 - 4 years; 3 months
88
What is the growth and resting period of eyebrows
1 to 2 months; 3 to 4 months
89
It is the sheath that surrounds the initial segment of the hair
Inner root sheath
90
It envelopes the internal root sheath
External root sheath
91
It is nerve endings that are in contact with hair bulbs and resemble Meissner's corpuscle structurally
Lanceolate endings
92
It consists of heavily keratinized epithelial cells that form protective covers on the dorsal surfaces of the terminal ends of digits
Nails
93
It is part of the nail that is synonymous with the stratum corneum
Nail plate
94
It is where the nail plate rests
Nail bed
95
It is where the growth of nail occurs
Nail matrix
96
Proximal part of nail plate
Nail root
97
It is the white crescent shaped area at the proximal portion of the exposed nail
Lunula
98
It is the dorsal surface of the nail
Nail fold
99
Distal end of the nail fold is highly keratinized and is referred to as
Eponychium (Nail cuticle)
100
It is a thickened accumulation of stratum corneum
Hyponychium
101
It is the appendages of hair since it is found where hair is present
Sebaceous glands
102
What is the nature of secretion of sebaceous glands
Holocrine glands
103
What is the shape of secretory units of sebaceous glands
Simple branched alveolar glands
104
What kind of tissue is a sebaceous gland
Stratified squamous epithelium
105
What does sebaceous gland secrete
sebum
106
What are the types of sweat glands
Eccrine and Apocrine glands
107
It is in the eyelids whose secretions are released into the follicles of the eyelashes
Glands of Moll
108
It is the usual site for styles
Glands of Zeis
109
It produces cerumen
Ceruminous glands
110
It secrets milk
Mammary glands
111
It is numerous in palms and soles
Eccrine glands
112
What kind of secretory unit does the sweat gland have
Simple coiled tubular gland
113
What type of tissue is sweat gland
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
114
It is the opening of a duct on the skin surface
Sweat pore
115
What is eccrine glands also known as
Merocrine glands
116
What is the function of sweat glands
help regulate body temperature
117
Where is the apocrine glands found
axilla, around the anus, areola, and labia majora
118
What is the secretory unit of the apocrine glands
Coiled tubular glands
119
The apocrine is much larger than the eccrine gland. T/F
T
120
The eccrine sweat glands is active in childhood while the apocrine is active only in puberty. T/F
T
