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Human Body - Collins Gem (Pocket Guide) > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

Blood, heart, circulation, arteries + veins, pulse, BP (71 cards)

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1
Q

What is blood?

A

A complex red fluid that brings all body tissues the food and oxygen they need to grow and stay alive

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2
Q

Functions of blood:

A
  1. Brings all body tissues food and oxygen
  2. Helps remove waste products
  3. Help fight disease
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3
Q

Substances in blood; what is blood made up of?

A

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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4
Q

Plasma

A

Straw -coloured fluid that contains the other 3 substances in blood along with foods, proteins, and waste

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5
Q

White blood cells A.K.A leucocytes

A

Fight infection:special kind of white blood cells attack harmful bacteria, viruses, and other foreign bodies

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6
Q

Red blood cells A.K.A erythrocytes

A

Contain haemoglobin (red pigment). They take oxygen from lungs to body tissues. Help absorb CO2 waste from body tissues to the lungs

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7
Q

Platelets

A

Tiny discs that seal tears/cuts in damaged blood vessels. Produce substances that make blood clot

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8
Q

What does clotting do?

A

Stops an injured person from bleeding to death

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9
Q

How much of blood is plasma?

A

About 55%

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10
Q

How much of plasma is water?

A

About 90%

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11
Q

How long do red blood cells live?

A

17 weeks

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12
Q

What happens when someone rests (blood)

A

Blood is distributed around the body

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13
Q

What is the heart?

A

Muscular pump that drives blood around the body

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14
Q

What does the heart supply to the body cells?

A

Oxygen and nutrients

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15
Q

What does the heart remove?

A

Removes waste products from the body

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16
Q

How big is the heart?

A

Fist - sized

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17
Q

Structure of the heart: overall shape

A

Has a broad top and pointed base

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18
Q

Structure of the heart: septum

A

A wall that divides the right side from the left side

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19
Q

What does each side of the heart have:

A

An inlet, outlet and 2 chambers

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20
Q

What are the 2 top chambers of the heart called?

A

Right atrium and Left atrium

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21
Q

What are the 2 bottom chambers of the heart called?

A

Right ventricle and Left ventricle

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22
Q

What do valves do?

A

Control the blood flow in and out; prevent blood flowing backwards

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23
Q

How does the heart work? Part 1: Blood going into heart

A

The heart works as 2 pumps. As the heart relaxes blood flows into both atria. As the atria contract, blood flows through valves into the ventricles. Lastly, the ventricles contract, forcing blood out of the heart…

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24
Q

How does the heart work? Part 2: Blood from body to lungs

A

Deoxygenated blood from the body flows via the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava into the right atrium and right ventricle, then out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs

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25
How does the heart work? Part 3 Blood from lungs to body
**Oxygenated** blood from the lungs flows via the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and left ventricle, then out through the aorta to the body
26
What is a heartbeat?
A complete contraction of the heart
27
What keeps heartbeat's regular?
Nerve signals to the heart
28
Why does the heart pump faster and harder during exercise?
The heart is trying to satisfy the body's extra needs for blood and oxygen
29
Where does the flow of blood around the body to and from the heart **start**?
The head
30
Blood flow goes from the head to where?
Arms
31
Blood flow goes from the lungs, to the heart, to where?
Liver
32
Blood flow goes from the liver to
Intestine, then kidneys
33
Blood flow goes from the kidneys to where?
Legs
34
Blood flow goes from the legs to where?
Aorta, then pulmonary vein
35
Blood flow goes from the pulmonary vein to where?
Superior and inferior vena cava
36
Where is the last place blood flows?
Pulmonary artery
37
Arteries
Large blood vessels (tubes) that carry high-pressure blood away from the heart **A for Away - A**rtery
38
Arterioles
The tiny tubes that branch out from arteries
39
Veins
Blood vessels with thin walls that carry blood towards the heart
40
Venules
Tiny blood vessels that supply veins
41
Capillaries
Tiniest blood vessels - they link arterioles and venules
42
What links arterioles and venules?
Capillaries
43
The pumping action of the heart forces blood out through arteries into:
Arterioles and capillaries
44
What happens to *foods in the blood* after blood is *forced out into arterioles and capillaries?*
They pass through capillaries' walls to nourish surrounding tissues
45
After surrounding tissues are nourished by foods in the blood, **what happens to the wastes and oxygen**?
Wastes pass in through the walls, and oxygen enters capillaries next to the lungs
46
From capillaries, blood flows back to the heart via what?
Venules and veins
47
What keeps the blood that has flowed back to the heart via venules and veins **on the move**?
Muscles near veins
48
What do the **valves** in big veins do when blood is transported via arteries and veins?
They stop blood sinking back down in the legs and feet
49
What artery supplies blood to the neck?
Carotid
50
What arteries supply blood to the arm?
Subclavian and brachial
51
What artery supplies blood to the liver?
Hepatic
52
What artery supplies blood to the stomach?
Gastric
53
What artery supplies blood to the liver?
Renal
54
What arteries supplies blood to the thigh?
Iliac and femoral
55
What artery supplies blood to the leg (not thigh)
Tibial
56
What vein carries blood from the head?
Jugular
57
What veins carry blood from the arm?
Subclavian and brachial
58
What vein carries blood from lungs?
Pulmonary
59
What veins carry blood from everywhere in the body but the lungs?
Superior and inferior vena cava
60
What artery carries blood everywhere except the lungs?
Aorta
61
What vein carries blood from the liver?
Hepatic
62
What vein carries blood from the kidney?
Renal
63
What veins carry blood from the thigh?
Iliac and femoral
64
Pulse
The alternate expansion and contraction of arteries under the skin
65
Blood pressure
The force that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries
66
What measures blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
67
How does a sphygmomanometer work?
It shows the pressure needed to stop blood flowing through an artery in the arm
68
Systolic pressure
Pressure when the heart contracts
69
Diastolic pressure
Pressure when the heart relaxes
70
Systolic and diastolic pressure are given in what?
Millimetres
71
Normal blood pressure for adults
120/80

Human Body - Collins Gem (Pocket Guide) (18 decks)

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