Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 2 main parts of the skeleton?

Answer 1

Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton

Question 2

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 2

Central skeleton: skull, spine, ribcage

Question 3

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

Answer 3

Arm + leg bones and bones supporting these

Question 4

How many bones in the skull?

Answer 4

More than 20

Question 5

How many bones in the spine?

Answer 5

More than 30 vertebrae

Question 6

What does the skull do?

Answer 6

(fixed shell) Shields the brain and shapes the face, and a jaw that moves up/down/sideways

Question 7

What do the vertebrae of the spine do?

Answer 7

Helps support the the standing body’s weight and shields the spinal cord

Question 8

Vertebrae along the neck are called?

Answer 8

Cervical vertebrae (7)

Question 9

Function of cervical vertebrae

Answer 9

Support the head and hold up the shoulders and arms

Question 10

Vertebrae along upper back are called?

Answer 10

Thoracic vertebrae (12)

Question 11

Function of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 11

Support the upper back

Question 12

How many pairs of ribs are there?

Answer 12

12

Question 13

Function of ribs and breastbone

Answer 13

Protect the lungs and heart and help work the lungs

Question 14

Lower back vertebrae are called?

Answer 14

Lumbar vertebrae (5)

Question 15

Function of lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 15

Support the lower back

Question 16

What forms the sacrum?

Answer 16

Fused vertebrae (5)

Question 17

Function of the 5 fused vertebrae?

Answer 17

Joins bones and supports all weight above (rest of skeleton)

Question 18

What is the coccyx?

Answer 18

Tiny vestige of a tail (tailbone) (5 fused vertebrae)

Question 19

Shoulder girdle:

Answer 19

Has a pair of collar bones and shoulder blades

Question 20

Shoulder girdle: Function of the collar bone

Answer 20

Helps to hold back the shoulder blades which support the arms

Question 21

Hip girdle (pelvis):

Answer 21

2 iliac, 2 ischial + 2 pubic bones fused to form a bony basin built into the bottom of the spine

Question 22

Collarbone

Answer 22

Clavicle

Question 23

Shoulder blade/blades

Answer 23

Scapula/scapulae

Question 24

Upper arm bone

Answer 24

Humerous

Question 25

2 Bones in forearm

Answer 25

Radius and ulna

Question 26

Wrist bones

Answer 26

Carpal

Question 27

Hand bones

Answer 27

Metacarpal

Question 28

Finger/toe bones

Answer 28

Phalanges

Question 29

Thigh bone

Answer 29

Femur

Question 30

Leg bones

Answer 30

Tibia and fibula (**t**ibia on **t**op)

Question 31

Ankle bones

Answer 31

Tarsals (Tarsals tap)

Question 32

Bones in the midfoot

Answer 32

Metatarsals

Question 33

How many bones does the skull have?

Answer 33

29

Question 34

How many bones form the cranium?

Answer 34

8

Question 35

How many bones shape the face and jaw?

Answer 35

14

Question 36

How many ossicles are there in the middle ear?

Answer 36

6

Question 37

Function of the cranium (bone)?

Answer 37

Shields the brain

Question 38

What are ossicles?

Answer 38

The smallest bones that lie in the middle ear

Question 39

Where is the hyoid bone? (skull)

Answer 39

At the base of the tongue

Question 40

Maxilla

Answer 40

Upper jawbone

Question 41

Mandible

Answer 41

Lower jawbone

Question 42

How many foot bones are there?

Answer 42

26

Question 43

What do lengthwise and crosswise arches do for the foot?

Answer 43

They give the foot its springiness

Question 44

How many bones form the hand?

Answer 44

27

Question 45

How many muscles control the movements of the hand?

Answer 45

35

Question 46

Thumb and finger bones

Answer 46

Phalanges

Question 47

Bones on the palm of the hand

Answer 47

Metacarpals

Question 48

Wrist bones

Answer 48

Carpals

Question 49

What is bone?

Answer 49

The hard, strong substance the skeleton is made of

Question 50

When does bone form?

Answer 50

During growth as minerals bit by bit replace cartilage

Question 51

What is cartilage?

Answer 51

White springy substance A.K.A **Gristle**

Question 52

Bone structure: what is bone made of?

Answer 52

Calcium, phosphorus, living matter (collagen)

Question 53

What are the 2 types of tissue that bone has?

Answer 53

Hard/**dense** tissue and Light/**spongy** tissue

Question 54

In a long -bone what tissue forms the outside?

Answer 54

Hard/dense compact tissue

Question 55

What is in each of the bulging ends of a long - bone?

Answer 55

Light/spongy honeycomb of cancellous tissue

Question 56

What is held in the **ends** of a long bone?

Answer 56

Red marrow

Question 57

What is the **cavity in the centre** of a long bone?

Answer 57

Medullary cavity

Question 58

Where is yellow marrow found?

Answer 58

Medullary cavity

Question 59

How is bone made?

Answer 59

Collagen has a constant turnover of cells (repair and maintenance) Bones are serviced by blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels ... **Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts**

Question 60

Osteo**blast**

Answer 60

Cells that repair bones

Question 61

Osteo**clast**

Answer 61

Cells that dissolve and break down damaged bones so that they can be repaired

Question 62

Function of bone: structure

Answer 62

Forms an inner framework for the body

Question 63

Function of bone: storage

Answer 63

Stores calcium, phosphorus, fat and other substances

Question 64

Function of bone: manufacturing

Answer 64

Manufactures blood cells and helps remove some harmful substances from blood

Question 65

Cartilage structure:

Answer 65

Cartilage is formed of the hard protein **collagen** and the elastic protein **elastin**

Question 66

Function of cartilage:

Answer 66

**Babies:**forms the skeleton in unborn babies **Adults:** shape to nose and outer ears, keeps large airways open, links ribs and shock absorber, reduce friction

Question 67

What is a joint?

Answer 67

Where 2 or more bones meet; fixed or moveable

Question 68

What do fixed joints do?

Answer 68

Help protect bordering bones from damage caused by blows

Question 69

What do moveable joints do?

Answer 69

Let bones move smoothly against one another

Question 70

Ligaments

Answer 70

Flexible tissue that hold joints in place

Question 71

What lubricates ligaments?

Answer 71

Cartilage and fluid

Question 72

Fixed joints

Answer 72

Zig -zag structures where skull bones meet, and paired bones in the leg and forearm

Question 73

Synovial joints

Answer 73

**Moveable joints** e.g., shoulder, hip, knee. Ligaments form a fibrous joint capsule (lined with a synovial membrane) and 2 enclosing bone ends with smooth articular cartilage

Question 74

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 74

Incl. those between the spinal bones (allowing slight movement only). A fibrocartilage cushion provides protection between each bone and its neighbour

Question 75

Joint movements: 3 moveable types

Answer 75

Pivot, hinge and ball - and - socket joint

Question 76

Pivot joint:

Answer 76

**Allow a turning movement** e.g., a pivot joint where the skull rests on the spine allows you to turn your head

Question 77

Hinge joint:

Answer 77

Allow **to and fro movements** like a door hinge e.g., elbow

Question 78

Ball - and - socket joints:

Answer 78

Are where the **round end of one bone sits in a hollow in another bone** (freest movements of all joint types) e.g., hips, legs, arms (outwards, forwards, backwards)