Digestive System

Question 1

What is the digestive system?

Answer 1

The system’s organs break down of food into smaller molecules the body can absorb and use for building and repair and as a source of energy

Question 2

Alimentary canal

Answer 2

The passage along which food passes through the body

Question 3

What forces food along in the alimentary canal?

Answer 3

Waves of movement along its walls (peristalsis)

Question 4

Stages of digestion: Part 1 - ingestion

Answer 4

Food is taken in/enters the alimentary canal by the mouth and swallowed by the pharynx, then passes through the oesophagus to the stomach

Question 5

Stages of digestion: Part 2 - digestion

Answer 5

The stomach (muscular bag) churns food and dissolves some by releasing gastric juices. The gall bladder and pancreas then release digestive juices in the duodenum

Question 6

Stages of digestion: Part 3 -absorption

Answer 6

Most digested food enters blood via villi in the small intestine’s walls.

Question 7

Stages of digestion: Pat 4 - egestion

Answer 7

The large intestine absorbs water and forms faeces, solid wastes expelled from the anus

Question 8

Villi

Answer 8

Tiny finger -like projections in the small intestine’s walls

Question 9

Duodenum

Answer 9

First part of the small intestine

Question 10

Where does digestion happen for carbs?

Answer 10

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine

Question 11

Where does digestion happen for protein?

Answer 11

Stomach and small intestine

Question 12

Where does digestion happen for fats?

Answer 12

Small intestine

Question 13

Where does digestion happen for water?

Answer 13

Absorbed in the large intestine

Question 14

What takes in food initially?

Answer 14

The mouth - takes in food and starts the process of digestion

Question 15

Lips: function in digestive system

Answer 15

Help us drink and bring food inside the mouth

Question 16

Teeth: function in digestive system

Answer 16

Break food down into smaller pieces

Question 17

Salivary glands: function in digestive system

Answer 17

Produce saliva that moistens and softens food and begins digesting starches

Question 18

Bony hard palate and soft palate: function in digestive system

Answer 18

Stop food entering and blocking the airway through the nose and upper throat or pharynx

Question 19

Tongue: function in digestive system

Answer 19

Helps form each mouthful into a ball (bolus), then moves it back into the throat for swallowing

Question 20

What are teeth?

Answer 20

Hard bonelike projections set in sockets in jaws

Question 21

What does each tooth have?

Answer 21

A crown; rising from one or more roots hidden by the gums and embedded in the jaw

Question 22

Hard, smooth, shiny layer on the crown:

Answer 22

Enamel

Question 23

What covers the root of a tooth?

Answer 23

Cementum

Question 24

What is inside the tooth + its functions:

Answer 24

Hard yellow dentine; surrounds soft pulp containing nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue

Question 25

How many types of teeth do adults have?

Answer 25

4

Question 26

Incisors

Answer 26

Sharp, chisel- like **cutting** teeth, with one root

Question 27

Canines

Answer 27

Pointed **biting** teeth, with one root

Question 28

Premolars

Answer 28

Square **grinding and crushing** teeth, with two small projections (cusps) and one or two roots

Question 29

Molars

Answer 29

Like premolars but larger, with up to five cusps and three roots

Question 30

By age 2, how many teeth do most children have?

Answer 30

20: 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars

Question 31

Teeth that children have:

Answer 31

Primary or milk teeth

Question 32

Teeth that adults have:

Answer 32

Permanent teeth

Question 33

How many teeth do adults have?

Answer 33

32; 8 incisors , 4 canines, 8 premolars and 12 molars

Question 34

What dos the stomach do?

Answer 34

Stores food and helps digest it

Question 35

How much does and adult stomach hold?

Answer 35

1.1 litres

Question 36

Structure and location of the stomach

Answer 36

J - shaped bag in the upper left abdomen between the oesophagus and duodenum

Question 37

What are the 3 muscular layers of the stomach?

Answer 37

Circular, longitudinal and oblique

Question 38

How the stomach works: muscular contractions

Answer 38

Muscular contractions mix food with the stomach juices

Question 39

Function of hydrochloric acid in stomach

Answer 39

Kills germs

Question 40

Function of pepsin in stomach

Answer 40

Digests protein

Question 41

How is the stomach lining protected?

Answer 41

Mucus protects the stomach lining from the acid

Question 42

Chyme

Answer 42

Liquidised food

Question 43

What does chyme do in the stomach?

Answer 43

Slowly empties from the stomach into the small intestine

Question 44

Stomach lining

Answer 44

Different parts of the stomach lining have special cells producing different substances

Question 45

Stomach lining: cardia and pylorus

Answer 45

Sticky mucus

Question 46

Stomach lining: fundus

Answer 46

Pepsin and hydrochloric acid

Question 47

Function of the intestine

Answer 47

(muscular tube) Digests food, expels solid body wastes and absorbs water

Question 48

Structure of the intestine:

Answer 48

2 Parts: small and large intestine

Question 49

Where is the small intestine?

Answer 49

Between the stomach and the large intestine and divided into 3 parts

Question 50

Small intestine: duodenum

Answer 50

Upper part of small intestine

Question 51

Small intestine: jejunum

Answer 51

Middle part of small intestine

Question 52

Small intestine: ileum

Answer 52

Lower part of the small intestine

Question 53

What is the inner wall of the **small intestine** lined with?

Answer 53

Villi

Question 54

Colon

Answer 54

Large intestine

Question 55

What do glands in the large intestine produce?

Answer 55

Digestive juices

Question 56

How is digested food absorbed into the bloodstream?

Answer 56

It passes through the villi walls into the bloodstream

Question 57

What is the large intestine divided into?

Answer 57

Ascending, transverse and descending colon, leading to the rectum and anus

Question 58

What does water from the intestine pass though?

Answer 58

The colon wall

Question 58

What does colon bacteria do?

Answer 58

Break down fibrous food and help form faeces

Question 59

What branches off at the beginning of the large intestine (colon)?

Answer 59

The appendix (worm - like cul-de-sac)