Class 2 Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

Define demographics

A
Demos = people
Graphein = to write 

People in your neighborhood

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2
Q

Major demographic factors in society

A
Age
Immigration status
Gender
Sexual orientation 
Race and ethnicity
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3
Q

Two Major theories of demographic change

A

Malthusian theory

Demographic transition theory

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4
Q

Malthusian theory

A

Hypothesized that unchecked population growth would quickly exceed carrying capacity leading to overpopulation and catastrophes such as famine or war known as Malthusian catastrophe

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5
Q

Demographic transition theory

A

Societies transition from high birth and high death rates to low birth and low death rates

Pre-industrial stage = high birth rates and high death rates

industrial revolution = high birth rates but death rates fall, leading to population growth

Post industrial stage = low birth rates and low death rates; population stabilizes

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6
Q

Four stages of demographic transition model

A

Stage 1 Expanding

Stage 2 Expanding

Stage 3 Stationary

Stage 4 Contracting

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7
Q

Gender identity

A

The extent to which one identified with a particular gender

Gender identity is often shaped early in life through social interactions

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8
Q

Sexual orientation

A

Is a social construct that exists along a continuum with the extremes being exclusive attractions to the opposite gender or sex and exclusive attraction to the same gender or sex

The Kinsey Scale

  • based on who has been in your bed
  • who you have actually been with sexually
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9
Q

Define Race

A

Dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

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10
Q

Define ethnicity

A

A population group whose members identify with each other on the basis of COMMON NATIONALITY or SHARED CULTURAL TRADITIONS

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11
Q

What is the genealogy of race

A

Racial

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12
Q

Define residential segregation

A

Physical separation of groups into different areas, typically along the lines of race ethnicity or socioeconomic status

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13
Q

Environmental injustice

A

If you are born into a minority group of low SES then you tend to live in areas where environmental hazards and toxins are disproportionally high

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14
Q

Define food desert

A

An area typically in highly ..

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15
Q

Prejudice vs discrimination

A

Involved preconceived judgements toward people based on their group membership

Prejudice is a BELIEF and not a behaviour

Prejudice may lead to discrimination but discrimination is biased treatment of an individual based on group membership: ACTION

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16
Q

Social segregation

A

Tendency of people from the same social groups to interact with each other and have minimal contact with individuals from other social groups

17
Q

Educational segregation

A

Poor schools vs rich schools

18
Q

Socioeconomic Status

A
The social standing or class of an individual or group
It is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation
19
Q

Socioeconomic And the 3Ps

A

Power = the ability to enforce ones will on other people

Property = possessions, income and other wealth

Prestige = ones reputation and standing in society

20
Q

What is the difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty

A

Absolute poverty = can’t afford food water shelter

Relative poverty = inability to meet the average standard of living by a given society

21
Q

Life expectancy

A

The number of years from birth an individual is expected to live on average

22
Q

Social stratification

3 types of stratification

A

Within society we have layers or levels

3 types:
Caste System
Class System
Meritocracy

23
Q

Caste system

A

Rigid

Lower social mobility
Less dependent on effort
Social status defined by birth

24
Q

Meritocracy

A

The people who “deserve it” will rule
- smart and work hard you are in the upper classes

Lots of social mobility
More dependent on effort
Social status based on individual merit

25
Class system
Some degree of social mobility | Social status determined by birth and individual merit
26
Social reproduction
Occurs when social inequality is transmitted from one generation to the next
27
What determines your social mobility
Physical capital - money property land and other physical assets Social Capital - whom you know, social networks Cultural Capital - non-financial attributes evaluated by society