Class 20 - Language Flashcards
(42 cards)
Broca’s Aphasia
Speech production issue
Paul Broca
Non- fluent aphasia
words there wrong order missing prepositions/articles typically characterized with smooth/fluent speech
• Patients know what they want to say but have trouble saying it out loud
(Broca’s Aphasia) Poor speech quality:
- Limited amount of output
- Missing function words, word endings – telegraphic speech
- Has a hard time naming objects, repeating words
(Broca’s Aphasia) Not because the motor system is
impaired overall
• No problems with moving face or mouth muscles
• Can still produce non-linguistic sounds without difficulty
(Broca’s Aphasia) Comprehension is
(mostly) spared
(Broca’s Aphasia) Deficit of
programming speech output
Wernicke’s Area
- Speech comprehension
- Carl Wernicke
Wernicke’s aphasia
• fluent aphasia
Disrupted comprehension along with fluent production that doesn’t make sense
Broca’s Area
Speech production
Paul Broca
(Wernicke’s aphasia) Impaired
comprehension
• Sometimes have difficulty following simple commands
(Wernicke’s aphasia) Poor quality of
speech: lack of meaning
• No difficulty making speech sounds – motor functions intact • All parts of speech are present but together don’t make sense
(Wernicke’s aphasia) Paraphasia is __
errors in producing specific words
Semantic paraphasia: ‘barn’ for ‘house’ - main in WA
Phonemic paraphasia: ‘fable’ for ‘table’
Neologisms (plausible words not in lexicon): ‘paffle’
Phonemic paraphasia:
‘fable’ for ‘table’
Neologisms
(plausible words not in lexicon): ‘paffle’
(Wernicke’s aphasia) Deficit of
linking the sound image to meaning
Double dissociation
Determine whether two functions are independent
- Patient 1 has damage to area A, impaired function X, function Y is fine
- Patient 2 has damage to area B, impaired function Y, function X is fine
Double dissociation in Broca’s area
Damage to Broca’s area impairs speech production (X) but not comprehension (Y)
Double dissociation in Wernicke’s area
Damage to Wernicke’s area impairs speech comprehension (Y) but not production (X)
Syntactic and phonological processing in Broca’s aphasia
- Insensitive to grammatical markers (in this case, ‘by’)
- Uses basic subject-verb-object ordering instead
- Impaired at matching action with a picture
Syntactic and phonological deficits likely co-occur in Broca’s aphasics due to
large lesions that disturb neighbouring areas
Arcuate fasciculus
Connection between areas
Conduction aphasia, ___ is intact
Speech production and comprehension intact
Conduction aphasia, difficulty with ___
with repeating what was just heard
- Sound images (Wernicke’s) cannot be transmitted for production (Broca’s)
- Severed connection between the two areas – the arcuate fasciculus
- Often commits paraphasic errors (phonemic usually)
Disconnection syndrome:
no direct route between sound image and speech output areas
(In Conduction aphasia)
The posterior Language Areas in the L hemisphere
Typical of Wernkies apahasa - is posterer- and most people language is in the L hemisphere
