CLEP College Composition (Chapter 1)

Question 1

syntax

Answer 1

rules that govern sentence structure, specifically word order and phrases in sentences

Question 2

“I have to the store gone” is an example of incorrect ________

Answer 2

syntax

Question 3

“I have gone to the store” is an example of correct s______

Answer 3

syntax

Question 4

improper use of s______ can result in a message being conveyed wrong

Answer 4

syntax

Question 5

simple sentences consist of a _______ and a _______

Answer 5

subject, predicate (along with a verb)

Question 6

In the sentence “at 6am the alarm went off” what is the subject and what is the predicate?

Answer 6

the alarm is the subject, “went off” is the predicate

Question 7

what two things make up a clause?

Answer 7

subject and predicate

Question 8

what is an independent clause?

Answer 8

a sentence that can stand alone

Question 9

what is a dependent clause?

Answer 9

a sentence that doesn’t make sense on its own

Question 10

“after dinner, sitting on my chair” is an example of a _________ clause

Answer 10

dependent clause

Question 11

a compound sentences contains two or more ______ ________

Answer 11

independent clauses (linked with a conjunction such as “and” “like” “but”)

Question 12

“John fell asleep, but Mary stayed up a little while longer” is an example of a _______ sentence

Answer 12

compound sentence (if you take the “but” out you have two independent clauses)

Question 13

a complex sentences contains an ________ _________ plus one or more _________ __________

Answer 13

independent clause, dependent clauses

Question 14

“if” “how” “before” although” are all examples of _______ _______

Answer 14

subordinate conjunctions

Question 15

“I am grateful to the person who invented pizza” is an example of which kind of sentence?

Answer 15

complex (independent clause precedes dependent)

Question 16

“after eating a large dinner, he always gets drowsy” is an example of which kind of sentence?

Answer 16

complex (dependent precedes independent clause)

Question 17

a general rule about complex sentences is that if a dependent clause precedes an independent clause, a ______ is needed

Answer 17

comma

Question 18

a compound-complex sentence contains:

Answer 18

at least 2 independent clauses and at least one dependent

Question 19

“the tree that was near the house fell over yesterday, but the house was unharmed” is an example of which kind of sentece?

Answer 19

compound-complex (the tree that was near the house is independent, the house was unharmed is independent, was near the house is dependent)

Question 20

a sentence fragment is when a sentence is missing:

Answer 20

a subject, predicate, or verb

Question 21

“because she asked me to wait before knocking” is an example of:

Answer 21

a sentence fragment

Question 22

a easy way to think of a sentence fragment is that it is a _______ clause treated like an entire sentece

Answer 22

dependent

Question 23

“Will admires the actor Meryl Streep, she is so talented”. What is one example of how this sentence can be changed to be grammatically correct?

Answer 23

“Will admires the actor Meryl Streep. She is so talented”
“Will admires the actor Meryl Streep, because she is so talented”

Question 24

parallelism

Answer 24

when words or phrases serve the same function in a sentence (lining up similar ideas in a similar way to create a balanced rhythm and emphasis)

Question 25

"Suddenly he opened the desk drawer, retrieved a sheet of paper, and began to write the letter" This sentence is an example of _______

Answer 25

parallelism (the use of the words opened, retrieved, and began are all examples of parallelism. A sentence that would NOT be parallelism would say something like opening, to retrieve, and begins writing)

Question 26

types of agreement in sentences (4)

Answer 26

number, gender, person and case

Question 27

"Cara, Brandon, and Sarah are leaving" is an example of ________

Answer 27

agreement (you could not say "Cara, Brandon, and Sarah is leaving, because that would not keep subject-verb agreement)

Question 28

"The students all sat down in the their seats" and "The student sat down in his seat" is an example of which type of agreement?

Answer 28

number

Question 29

Is the sentence "all drivers should glance at their tires periodically" grammatically correct?

Answer 29

yes because drivers and tires are both plural so they are in agreement

Question 30

Is the sentence "The driver should glance at their tires periodically" grammatically correct?

Answer 30

no because the singular driver does not agree with the word "tires"

Question 31

which form of agreement does this sentence violate "either John or Mary will be describing her science fair project at the end of class today"

Answer 31

gender

Question 32

which form of agreement does this sentence violate "if a student wants to pass the class, you must know when to get help"

Answer 32

person ("a student" and "you" don't agree)

Question 33

case agreement is...

Answer 33

the function that the noun or pronoun plays in the case of the sentence

Question 34

case agreement comes in three different forms, those forms are:

Answer 34

normative, accusative/dative, and possessive

Question 35

In a normative case, the pronoun/noun serves as the ______ of the sentence

Answer 35

subject

Question 36

"I was paid by the curator" is an example of which type of agreement in case?

Answer 36

normative

Question 37

"The curator paid me for the statue" is an example of which type of agreement in case?

Answer 37

accusative/dative

Question 38

"The curator paid for my statue" is an example of which type of agreement in case?

Answer 38

possessive

Question 39

In a accusative case, the pronoun or noun function as _______ ________ in the sentence

Answer 39

direct/indirect object

Question 40

In a possessive case, the pronoun or noun has a relationship of _______ to another noun in the sentence

Answer 40

possession

Question 41

usually the words _____ and _____ denote a normative agreement in case

Answer 41

I and we

Question 42

usually the words _____ and _____ denote a accusative/dative agreement in case

Answer 42

me and ourselves

Question 43

usually the words _____ and ____ denote a possessive agreement in case

Answer 43

my and our

Question 44

Diction refers to _____ __ _____

Answer 44

choice of words

Question 45

the point of diction is...

Answer 45

word choice in order to bring a story to life. Chosen words are not necessarily correct or incorrect, but it brings different meaning to a sentence.

Question 46

the word "effect" as a noun would mean...

Answer 46

an outcome of something

Question 47

In the sentence, "adding fertilizer to the garden had a positive effect on the gardenias" does the word effect function as a verb or a noun?

Answer 47

noun

Question 48

the word "effect" as a verb would mean...

Answer 48

creation of a change

Question 49

In the sentence, "the prime minister attempted to effect a change in public attitudes toward his family" does the word "effect" function as a noun or a verb?

Answer 49

verb

Question 50

The word "affect" as a verb means...

Answer 50

the cause of a particular outcome

Question 51

In the sentence "exhaustion began to affect the boxer's ability to defend himself" does the word "affect" function as a verb or a noun?

Answer 51

verb

Question 52

meaning of imply:

Answer 52

to hint at something

Question 53

meaning of insinuate:

Answer 53

to hint at something but negatively

Question 54

meaning of infer:

Answer 54

draw a conclusion based on evidence

Question 55

meaning of farther:

Answer 55

difference in physical distance

Question 56

meaning of further:

Answer 56

difference in quantity or extent

Question 57

than versus then

Answer 57

than is for making comparisons, then could mean at that point in time, next, in addition, or something similar to "therefore"

Question 58

who versus that versus which

Answer 58

"who" refers to people whereas "that" and "which" refer to groups, events, and things

Question 59

who versus whom

Answer 59

who refers to a subject, whom refers to an object

Question 60

what is the meaning of lie versus lay

Answer 60

lie is to recline, lay is to place something

Question 61

present progressive form of lay and lie:

Answer 61

lay: laying, lie: lying

Question 62

elicit versus illicit

Answer 62

elicit: draw out/probe for info, illicit: something illegal

Question 63

capitol versus capital

Answer 63

capitol: building where the government is housed, capital: the locality where the government resides

Question 64

flaunt versus flout

Answer 64

flaunt: show off, flout: show contempt (dislike or lack of respect for someone)

Question 65

stationary versus stationery

Answer 65

stationary: standing still, stationery: writing a paper

Question 66

compliment versus complement

Answer 66

compliment: verbal praise, complement: complete or enhances something else

Question 67

discreet versus discrete

Answer 67

discreet: tactful/secrective, discrete: separate/distinct

Question 68

modifier

Answer 68

clause, phrase, or word that provides descriptive information about another part of the sentence

Question 69

two main types of modifiers

Answer 69

adjectives and verbs

Question 70

adjectives are words that ________ _________ and _________

Answer 70

modify, nouns, pronouns

Question 71

"Which", "What kind of", and "How many" are questions that an (adjective, verb) will answer

Answer 71

adjective

Question 72

adverbs are words that modify _____, other _______, _________, and entire __________

Answer 72

verbs, adverbs, adjectives, and clauses

Question 73

_______ typically answer the question "how'

Answer 73

adverbs

Question 74

A general rule for modifiers is that they should be (far from, close to) the words they are modifying

Answer 74

close to

Question 75

a squinting modifier is a misplaced modifier that could refer the _______ that ________ it or the one that ________ it

Answer 75

clause, precedes, follows

Question 76

The sentence "running on concrete surfaces quickly leads to knee damage" is an example of which incorrect modifier

Answer 76

a squinting modifier (the use of "quickly" tells the reader that either running on concrete will quickly lead to knee damage or running quickly on concrete will lead to knee damage eventually)

Question 77

when a sentence does not contain the word or phrase that should be modified, the modifier that is used can be called a...

Answer 77

dangling modifier

Question 78

A semicolon is generally used to divide (how many) independent clauses

Answer 78

two

Question 79

a comma generally divides (how many) independent clauses

Answer 79

more than two

Question 80

a _____ is used at the end of an independent clause in cases such as: ______, ______, and ________

Answer 80

colon, lists, explanations, and quotations

Question 81

a comma can be used to _______ a sequence of two or more ______

Answer 81

separate, modifiers

Question 82

commas are used to separate a non________ modifier from the rest of the sentence

Answer 82

nonrestrictive

Question 83

a comma is used when a ________ clause is used at the beginning of the sentence and the sentence is fairly long

Answer 83

dependent

Question 84

commas are used in _______ sentences to separate independent clauses

Answer 84

compound

Question 85

apostrophes are used to: (2)

Answer 85

make contractions (don't, haven't), and to mark possessive case

Question 86

subordinating conjunctions are conjunctions that introduce a...

Answer 86

subordinate clause

Question 87

nonrestrictive modifer

Answer 87

word/group of words that provides extra information about a subject but is not required to understand the subject's meaning