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Science Practicum 1 Flashcards

Review for the Practicum 1 assessment on Wednesday, October 9 (85 cards)

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1
Q

Scientific method steps

A
  1. Observation
  2. Pose a question/state a problem
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Experiment
  5. Results
  6. Conclusion
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2
Q

observation typically leads to…

A

questions

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3
Q

a critical part of observation is…

A

researching what other scientists have learned about the topic

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4
Q

a hypothesis is…

A

a tentative answer to a scientific question

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5
Q

a hypothesis is tested through…

A

experiments

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6
Q

what is controlled experiment

A

an experiment where all other variables are gone except for what is stated in the hypothesis and the control

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7
Q

what is a control…

A

sample/event in the test that is not exposed to the testing procedure

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8
Q

what is a scientific theory

A

encompassing conclusion based on many other similar individual conclusions

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9
Q

Equation for determining speed of a pillbug…

A

centimeters traveled divided by seconds timed (to get average, add the speed and divide by the amount of numbers)

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10
Q

why is it important for scientists to come to conclusions after many trials?

A

because it helps build credibility and repeatability

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11
Q

what kind of animal is a pillbug?

A

Crustacean

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12
Q

what is the pill bug’s skeleton called

A

exoskeleton

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13
Q

structure for gas exchange in the pill bug

A

gills

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14
Q

how many times does the pill bug shed its exoskeleton in its life?

A

4-5 times during its life

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15
Q

parts of the pillbug (alphabetical order) (7 total)

A

abdomen, antennae, eyes, head, legs, thorax, uropods,

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16
Q

how many legs does the pill bug have?

A

seven

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17
Q

what colors could the exoskeleton on the pillbug be

A

gray to brown

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18
Q

the first part of the pillbug’s head that is fused to the thorax is the

A

cephalothorax

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19
Q

the 7 additional parts of the thorax are also called the

A

pereon

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20
Q

what is the acronym for metric conversion (King…)

A

King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

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21
Q

what does the B in “died BY drinking chocolate milk” stand for?

A

Base unit (grams, liters, meters)

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22
Q

what does the K in “KING Henry” stand for?

A

kilo

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23
Q

what does the H in “king HENRY” stand for?

A

hecto

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24
Q

what does the d in “King Henry DIED” stand for?

A

deca

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25
what does the d in "Henry died DRINKING" stand for?
deci
26
what does the C in "CHOCOLATE milk" stand for?
centi
27
what does the m in "chocolate MILK" stand for?
mili
28
what is the base unit for length?
meter
29
what other two conversions come after millimeter?
milli ___ ___ micrometer ___ ___ nanometer
30
what is the base unit for weight?
grams
31
which unit is typically used for larger weights?
kilograms
32
what is the base unit for volume?
liters
33
what temp does water boil at (celsius and fahrenheit)
100 degree celsius and 212 degree fahrenheit
34
what temp does water freeze at (celsius and fahrenheit)
0 degrees celsius and 32 degrees fahrenheit
35
what is the equation for celsius
(F-32)/1/8
36
what is the equation for fahrenheit
(1.8C)+32
37
describe a compound light microscope
uses light to magnify objects
38
stereomicroscope (aka dissecting microscope) function
examine whole objects at low magnification
39
compound light microscope function
examine smaller slices of objects under higher magnification
40
transmission electron microscope function
similar to the compound microscope: just a little bit of improved contrast
41
scanning electron microscope function
image of the surface and dimensions
42
explain the function: binocular head
hold two eyepiece lenses
43
explain the function: eyepiece lenses
look through to view item, can be magnified to 10x
44
explain the function: focusing knob
knob on the side of the microscope, used to change focus of the eyepieces together
45
explain the function: magnification changing knob
on top of the microscope or on the binocular head used to change magnification in both eyepieces simultaneously
46
explain the function: illuminator
used to illuminate an object from above
47
explain the function: zoom mechanism
stays in focus while changing magnification for continuous viweing
48
explain the function: rotating lens mechanism
blocks view of object while magnification is changing
49
explain the function: viewing head
holds ocular lenses
50
explain the function: scanning objective (compound light microscope)
shortest of the objectives and scans the WHOLE slide (red banded)
51
magnifying power of the scanning objective
4X
52
explain the function: low-power objective
used to view in greater detail, step up from scanning objective (yellow banded)
53
magnifying power of the low-power objective
10X
54
explain the function: power objective
the longest lens and a step up from the low-power objective (blue banded)
55
magnifying power of the power objective
40X
56
explain the function: oil immersion objective
view objects with the greatest magnification
57
explain the function: stage
platform that hold and supports microscope slides
58
explain the function: coarse adjustment knob
knob used to bring objects into approx focus (only used with low-power objective)
59
explain the function: fine adjustment knob
knob used to bring objects into final focus
60
explain the function: condenser (compound light microscope)
lens system used to focus the beam of light on the object being viewed
61
total magnification equation
multiply the magnification of the eyepieces (10x) by the magnification of the objective lenses (either 4, 10, 40, or 100)
62
field of view refers to...
what is shown within the circle when looking through the microscope
63
diameter of view refers to...
the length of the field from one end to the other
64
High power depth of field equation
HPD=LPDxLPM over HPM
65
LPD in the depth of field equation stands for...
Low power diameter of field
66
LPM in the depth of field equation stands for...
Low power magnification (100)
67
HPM in the depth of field equation stands for...
High power magnification (400)
68
osmosis is...
the movement of water across the plasma membrane
69
prokaryotic cells lacks a...
nucleus
70
prokaryotic classification only includes 2 organisms:
bacteria and archaea (kind of single celled organism, basically bacteria)
71
eukaryotic cells have a...
nucleus
72
inversion refers to the fact that:
the image on the microscope is upside down and reversed
73
parfocal refers to the fact that:
a microscope will stay in focus when the objective lenses are changed
74
diffusion is the...
movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration, until equilibrium is achieved
75
osmosis is the...
diffusion of water across a permeable membrane from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration
76
tonicity refers to:
concentration of solutes (particles) and solvent (water) compared between the outside of the cell and the inside of the cell
77
Isotonic means:
same concentration in two solutions (neutral)
78
Hypertonic means:
higher solute concentration in solution (particles)
79
Hypotonic means:
lower solute concentration in solution (particles)
80
what is the movement of the water in an isotonic solution
no movement
81
what is the movement of the water in a hypertonic solution?
water moves OUT of the cell into the solution
82
what is the movement of the water in a hypotonic solution?
water moves from the solution INTO the cell
83
Crenation is the process of where the cells exposed to too much salt (NaCl) do what... (cells exposed to a hypertonic solution)
shrivel up
84
Hemolysis is the process of where the cells exposed to too much salt do what... (cells exposed to a hypotonic solution)
swell and burst
85
a microscope's eyepiece is at 10x and the objective lens is at 40x, what is the total magnification?
400x

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