Science Final Exam

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

DNA makes single stranded complementary RNA copies of itself

Question 2

Where does transcription happen?

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

Translation

Answer 3

protein synthesis- RNA carries genetic information

Question 4

Function of translation?

Answer 4

used to assemble proteins and amino acids

Question 5

where do translations happen?

Answer 5

ribosomes

Question 6

Gregor Mendel

Answer 6

contributes to our understanding of genetics. Austrian monk, wanted to know why things look the way they do (inspired by pea plants)

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

a segment of DNA that controls a specific trait

Question 8

allele

Answer 8

the possible alternative form of the gene

Question 9

locus point

Answer 9

location of the gene on the chromosome

Question 10

blending hypothesis

Answer 10

idea that some offspring have traits that are blended from both parents (white and red flowers make pink)

Question 11

genotype

Answer 11

refers to the alleles (letters)

Question 12

phenotype

Answer 12

what the organism will look like physically

Question 13

incomplete dominance

Answer 13

happens when both parents have a capital genotype (dominant) and so when mixed, they blend together (white and red flower makes pink).

Question 14

multiple allelic trait

Answer 14

trait is controlled by multiple alleles, so it exists in multiple allelic forms (example blood type AB)

Question 15

polygenic inheritance

Answer 15

one trait is governed by multiple genes (which happens when a gene is governed by 2 or more alleles, examples include hair and eye color, height or weight)

Question 16

how could environment play a part in a phenotype of an organism?

Answer 16

what temperature the individual is exposed to, exposure to sunlight, etc

Question 17

principle of dominance

Answer 17

if there are two differing alleles, the dominant allele will show through in the phenotype

Question 18

principle of segregation

Answer 18

two alleles separate when gametes are formed (RR separates into R and R when the gamete forms)

Question 19

principle of individual assortment

Answer 19

law explaining how genes separate independently of one another when reproductive cells develop

Question 20

interspecific competition

Answer 20

when species compete for the same resources

Question 21

mutualism

Answer 21

relationship where both species benefit from each other

Question 22

commensalism

Answer 22

relationship where one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

Question 23

a biome with a mild, warm, temperate climate. Animals include zebras, gizelle, and giraffe. Trees are fairly sparce and spread out.

Answer 23

Savanna

Question 24

located between polar and non-polar environments. Temperate environment, with changing seasons. Animals include coyote, deer, otters, red fox, and bobcats

Answer 24

temperate deciduous forest

Question 25

also known as prairies, flat and open, not rainy enough for forests. Animals include bison, prairie dogs and antelope

Answer 25

grasslands

Question 26

part of Alaska and Canada, cold, minimal sunlight, animals include reindeer, and polar bear

Answer 26

tundra

Question 27

most abundant ecosystem bc of all the water covering the earth

Answer 27

aquatics

Question 28

4 factors that determine aquatic biomes

Answer 28

1. the amount of energy input (sunlight penetration) 2. temperature 3. nature of the bottom (substrate) 4. dissolved materials

Question 29

where a tide meets a stream

Answer 29

estuaries

Question 30

permafrost

Answer 30

ground that remains completely frozen

Question 31

arboreal

Answer 31

refers to trees (an arboreal animal would live in trees)

Question 32

nocturnal

Answer 32

active at night (fox, racoon, porcupines, coyote)

Question 33

fossorial

Answer 33

a burrowing animal (prairie dog, vole/mole, groundhog)

Question 34

leaching

Answer 34

a process where nutrients are washed away by heavy rainfall or flooding into other bodies of water

Question 35

information ___________ is not always __________ (what did we learn from Mendel)

Answer 35

inherited, expressed

Question 36

During meiosis chromosomes assort _________ and by ___________ (what did we learn from Mendel)

Answer 36

separately, chance

Question 37

levels of organization of the human body (a,m,c,t,o,os)

Answer 37

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organs, organ system

Question 38

integumentary system

Answer 38

skin, hair, nails, and membranes (body covering)

Question 39

skeletal system

Answer 39

bones

Question 40

muscular system

Answer 40

movement, muscle control and strength

Question 41

nervous system

Answer 41

brain, spinal cord, nerves which send messages and communicates pain and feeling

Question 42

endocrine system

Answer 42

makes hormones (which is a chemical messanger)

Question 43

cardiovascular system

Answer 43

heart and tubes that carry the blood (arteries and veins)

Question 44

lymphatic system

Answer 44

cleans out and discards dead cells, gathers liquidy parts of the blood and sends it back into the body so it doesn't leak

Question 45

respiratory system

Answer 45

lungs- brings in oxygen and gets rid of co2

Question 46

digestive system

Answer 46

digestion-breaks down and absorbs nutrients

Question 47

urinary system

Answer 47

excrete waste, get rid of urea acid and nitrogen waste

Question 48

reproductive system

Answer 48

fertilization and gamete production/procreation. Only system that is different in the sexes

Question 49

scientific method steps

Answer 49

observation, pose a question, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion

Question 50

science definition

Answer 50

investigating the universe, organizing the knowledge into logical structures

Question 51

hypothesis

Answer 51

tentative explanation, consistent with facts, can be proved false

Question 52

theory

Answer 52

a hypothesis supported by a large body of observations and experiments

Question 53

characteristic of life: made of _____

Answer 53

cells

Question 54

characteristic of life: capable of ______ and ________

Answer 54

growth and development

Question 55

characteristic of life: includes all the changes that take place during the life of an organism

Answer 55

development

Question 56

characteristic of life: acquire ________ and _______

Answer 56

materials and energy

Question 57

characteristic of life: body is able to ________

Answer 57

move/movement

Question 58

characteristic of life: respond to _______

Answer 58

stimuli

Question 59

characteristic of life: new life comes from the organism

Answer 59

can reproduce

Question 60

prokaryotic cells are anatomically ________

Answer 60

simple

Question 61

prokaryote cells include

Answer 61

bacteria only

Question 62

procaryotic cells lack a _______

Answer 62

nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 63

what is included in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 63

everything aside from bacteria

Question 64

classification of organisms

Answer 64

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species