Science Exam 2

Question 1

compound motion

Answer 1

two forces acting on the same object

Question 2

Newton’s first law of motion

Answer 2

law of inertia

Question 3

what does the law of inertia say

Answer 3

an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. Additionally, an object at rest stays at rest

Question 4

in the law of inertia, what direct does an object travel in motion

Answer 4

straight line travel

Question 5

what example can be used to demonstrate Newton’s first law of motion

Answer 5

a human standing on a bus- the body wants to stay where it is but it can’t because the bus is moving so the body will shift around

Question 6

Newton’s second law of motion

Answer 6

law of acceleration

Question 7

what does Newton’s second law say?

Answer 7

forces cause acceleration (change in motion)

Question 8

more force= (more, less) acceleration
more mass = (more, less) acceleration

Answer 8

more force= MORE acceleration
more mass = LESS acceleration

Question 9

are weight and mass the same thing?

Answer 9

no, it’s a difference between weight and gravity

Question 10

mass compared to weight (definitions)

Answer 10

mass is the measure of inertia/amount of matter, whereas weight is the force of gravity acting on the mass

Question 11

Newton’s third law of motion

Answer 11

Force

Question 12

what does Newton’s third law of motion say?

Answer 12

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 13

where do forces come from?

Answer 13

from objects or objects that exert force

Question 14

what example can be used to demonstrate Newton’s third law of motion?

Answer 14

an astronaut pushes against a satellite in space and both of them move in opposite directions from one another

Question 15

momentum

Answer 15

includes effects of both motion (velocity) and inertia (mass)

Question 16

t/f: anything with motion has to have other factors affecting it

Answer 16

true

Question 17

law of conservation of momentum

Answer 17

the system has to stay equal/ the total momentum of a group of interacting objects remains the same in the absence of external forces

Question 18

when centripetal force stops, motion continues in what direction

Answer 18

a straight line

Question 19

simple machine 1 & example

Answer 19

wheel and axel, potter’s wheel, windmill

Question 20

simple machine 2 & example

Answer 20

pulley, flagpole, zipline, ski slope

Question 21

simple machine 3

Answer 21

lever

Question 22

example of first class lever

Answer 22

hammer, see-saw

Question 23

example of second class lever

Answer 23

wheelbarrow, stapler

Question 24

example of third class lever

Answer 24

baseball bat, raking leaves

Question 25

simple machine 4 & example

Answer 25

wedge, zippers, axes, shovels, doorstops

Question 26

simple machine 5 & example

Answer 26

screw, bolt, worm gear, drill bit

Question 27

simple machine 6 & example

Answer 27

inclined plane, going down a slide, skiing

Question 28

what is thermodynamics

Answer 28

science of the relationship of heat, work, temp and energy

Question 29

zeroth law of thermodynamics, and example

Answer 29

temp exists and is measurable, temperature gauge

Question 30

first law of thermodynamics and example

Answer 30

energy can never be created or destroyed, it can only be converted. Ex. metabolism

Question 31

second law of thermodynamics, and example

Answer 31

entropy (chaos level) of an isolated system never decreases, ex. ice cream goes from cold to hot, coffee goes from hot to cold

Question 32

third law of thermodynamics, and example

Answer 32

the lower the temp, the less energy/chaos, ex. MRI machines

Question 33

temperature will always reach

Answer 33

equilibrium (hot soup, cold ice cream)

Question 34

temperature is the measurement of how fast _____ are moving

Answer 34

molecules

Question 35

Absolute zero is when energy is completely ...

Answer 35

stopped

Question 36

is is possible to reach absolute zero

Answer 36

no

Question 37

gravity provides _____ force

Answer 37

centripetal

Question 38

all objects that have ____ will experience _____ force

Answer 38

mass, centripetal

Question 39

centripetal force is

Answer 39

a force that pulls an object towards the center of a circle, keeping it moving in a circular path

Question 40

energy

Answer 40

the ability/capacity to do work; work waiting to happen

Question 41

energy is a (scalar, vector) quantity

Answer 41

scalar

Question 42

work is a (scalar, vector) quantity

Answer 42

scalar

Question 43

power refers to

Answer 43

the rate at which work gets done

Question 44

potential energy is based on the

Answer 44

position of the physical matter

Question 45

potential energy is energy that is there because of

Answer 45

the position of the object/ the stored energy

Question 46

kinetic energy is

Answer 46

energy by virtue of motion

Question 47

kinetic energy relationship to faster moving vehicles

Answer 47

it explains why a faster moving collision does such damage versus a slower moving collision, because there is more energy being created due to the velocity of the object

Question 48

if an object was spun in a circle and then was let go of, what direction would it travel

Answer 48

in a straight line

Question 49

Henry Cavendish is thought to have done what in the world of physics?

Answer 49

he was able to measure the earth's density and calculate the gravitational constant, essentially allowing him to "weigh" the earth

Question 50

work is accomplished when...

Answer 50

an object is "moved"/force is applied and the force is successful in doing its job

Question 51

what are some different forms of energy

Answer 51

electrical, radiant, chemical, nuclear, mechanical

Question 52

work-energy theorem

Answer 52

the net work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy

Question 53

what is a mechanical advantage

Answer 53

using a mechanical system to make something easier. Example, a wheelchair ramp to get someone disabled up steps. A pulley to lift something heavy up high

Question 54

energy source: ge

Answer 54

geothermal

Question 55

energy source: hy

Answer 55

hydrogen

Question 56

energy source: wi

Answer 56

wind

Question 57

energy source: so

Answer 57

solar

Question 58

energy source: nu

Answer 58

nuclear

Question 59

energy source: hy el

Answer 59

hydroelectric

Question 60

energy source: ff

Answer 60

fossil fuels

Question 61

work is

Answer 61

force done to an object that makes it change position over a distance

Question 62

force is a (scalar, vector)?

Answer 62

vector

Question 63

groups of resistance (what do we need to overcome resistant wise when doing work?)

Answer 63

inertia, gravity, friction, shape

Question 64

work against resistance results in increases in ...

Answer 64

KE, PE, temperature, or a combination of the three