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Science Exam 3 Flashcards

Chapters 4-5 review (97 cards)

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1
Q

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A

describes all molecular makeup of the whole Earth

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2
Q

atom

A

smallest unit of an element that retains chemical properties of that element

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3
Q

proton (what does it do for a piece of matter?)

A

gives identity to the matter, positively charged

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4
Q

neutron

A

needs to stay balanced/effects stability of matter

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5
Q

electron

A

effects behavior of mass

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6
Q

atomic mass is on the (bottom, top) of an element box

A

top

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7
Q

atomic mass consists of the (protons, neutrons, electrons) plus the (protons, neutrons, electrons)

A

neutrons plus protons

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8
Q

atomic number is located on the (bottom, top) of the element box

A

bottom

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9
Q

atomic number is just the number of (protons, neutrons, electrons)

A

protons

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10
Q

electrons is also equal to the number of (protons, neutrons, electrons)

A

protons

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11
Q

an element is

A

unique structure (matter) composed of atoms w/ the same # of protons

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12
Q

molecule

A

2 or more atoms bonded together w/ characteristic properties

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13
Q

matter is made up of…

A

atoms

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14
Q

atoms can be bonded together to create…

A

molecules

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15
Q

define phases of matter

A

the arrangement and strength of attraction of molecules determine phase characteristics

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16
Q

solids

A

definite shape and volume due to fixed distances between molecules and strong cohesive forces

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17
Q

liquids

A

molecules are not confined to a position but cohesive forces give it a fixed volume

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18
Q

gasses

A

no space or volume, molecules are far apart and move freely in constant random motion

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19
Q

temperature of energy: solids

A

solids are the lowest temp of energy b/c molecules are very close together

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20
Q

temperature of energy: liquids

A

liquids is one step up from solids as the molecules move a little further apart, but temp is still cold

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21
Q

temperature of energy: gasses

A

gasses are partially hot as the molecules begin to spread apart

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22
Q

temperature of energy: plasma

A

plasma is the hottest form of energy as the molecules are very spread apart

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23
Q

temperature tells us the…

A

energy state of matter

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24
Q

temperature is

A

the measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules that compose the substance

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25
thermometer does
measurement of kinetic energy/temp
26
scales for temp: fahrenheit
scale based on two reference points: freezing and boiling points of water (w/ 180 intervals)
27
scales for temp: celcius
also based on water but set to 100 intervals
28
scales for temp: absolute temp scale (Kelvin)
absolute zero is the lowest temp possible
29
boiling point of water according to each scale
212 F, 100 C, 373 K
30
freezing point of water according to each scale
32 F, 0 C, 273 K
31
Heat as a form of energy refers to...
how much energy and what is transferred to another object
32
external energy=
total KE plus PE of visible object
33
internal energy=
total PE plus KE of the molecules of an object
34
heat is
a measurement of the internal energy (thermal energy) that has been absorbed or transferred from one body to another
35
heat versus temperature
(NOT THE SAME THING!) heat is the measurement of internal, PE , KE, and energy transferred between objects whereas temp is about motion of molecules
36
seismology
study of earthquakes and seismic waves around the Earth
37
define a seismic wave
the constant movement of the Earth and its built up energy
38
Robert Mallet is the founder of...
seismology
39
Richter scale is
a way to measure the magnitude (size) of a seismic wave
40
Mercalli scale measures
intensity
41
types of seismic waves: body wave
travels through Earth's inner layers
42
types of seismic waves: P waves
expresses a push and pull effect
43
types of seismic waves: S waves
can move up and down or side to side (will move in the direction perpendicular to its wave direction) (looks like a slithering snake or like an S at its peak)
44
types of seismic waves: surface wave
moves along the surface of the Earth
45
types of seismic waves: love wave
moves parallel to the surface and perpendicular to the wave (base stays put but top layer moves)
46
types of seismic waves: Rayleigh waves
moves the ground up and down but also forward and backward in the direction of the wave (picture a crowd doing the wave, that is what this looks like)
47
causes of seismic waves
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, avalanches
48
how are seismic waves detected?
seismometers
49
body waves are typically sent out by ...
earthquakes
50
the fastest type of seismic wave
p wave
51
surface waves occur when...
energy from a body wave from an earthquake converts and reaches the surface
52
what is the doppler effect?
how sound or light waves change frequency due to position of the viewer
53
a wavelength is the distance between
any two waves
54
time interval between waves is called
frequency
55
frequency determines
pitch
56
higher frequency=
shorter wavelength
57
lower frequency=
longer wavelength
58
examples of doppler effect
healthcare (ultrasounds), radar (weather or police speed guns), space (discovery of planets and stars)
59
electromagnetic wave type:
radio wave
60
in 3G, 4G, and 5G, what do the numbers and letters stand for?
G stands for generation and the higher the number, the stronger the connection/better the data quality.
61
types of lightning: intracloud
electrical discharge within the clouds
62
types of lightning: intercloud
electrical discharge between the clouds
63
types of lightning: cloud to ground
electrical discharge between objects- on ground and clouds
64
Coloumbs law states:
like charges repel, opposite charges attract, force is stronger with greater charges and closer distances
65
3 causes of static
friction, conduction, induction
66
conductors permit an electrical current to flow...
easily
67
graupel is
semi frozen water droplets
68
induction
a charge transfers from one object to another without contact
69
phase change is
an object absorbs or releases energy that is not associated with an increase in temp
70
solid to liquid is
melting
71
liquid to gas is
evaporation
72
solid to gas is
condensation
73
liquid to solid is
freezing
74
sublimation is
a solid to a gas (dry ice)
75
deposition is
a gas to a solid
76
latent heat
quantity of heat energy involved in changing internal PE bonds
77
heat transfers spontaneously from
high temp (KE) to low temp (PE)
78
3 types of heat transfer
conduction, convection, radiation
79
conduction
movement from one molecule to another through a solid material (fire poker being left in the fire)
80
convection
movement with a medium: warm air rises bc it's less dense than cold air (convection oven) (occurs in fluids like liquids and gasses)
81
radiation
doesn't require any type of medium, all objects radiate electromagnetic waves (energy)
82
harmonic motion
a back and forth motion that repeats if materials are elastic
83
elastic
material can recover its shape after a force changes it
84
simple harmonic motion
vibratory motion when an elastic object is deformed and wishes to return to equilibrium
85
amplitude
how far a spring is pulled down (extent of displacement from the equilibrium)
86
cycle
when an elastic object completes a full vibration where it returns to its original position
87
period
length of time it takes to complete 1 cycle
88
frequency
the number of cycles per second
89
wave
a disturbance that moves thru a medium (solid, liquid, or gas)
90
calorie is
the amount of energy it takes to heat up a gram of water by 1 degree celsius
91
ideal gas law
gasses behave a certain way and exert pressure
92
Boyle's law teaches us that...
as pressure increases in gas, volume decreases and vice versa
93
Charles' Law teaches us
temp and volume are directly proportional (as temp increases, the volume increases too and vice versa)
94
specific heat is
how much energy it takes to change the temp of a substance
95
transverse wave
a disturbance that occurs perpendicular to the direction of a wave (think of a rolling ocean wave)
96
longitudinal wave
wave disturbance is in same direction of waves (particles move closer together of further apart)
97
waves thru gas are (longitudinal, transverse)
longitudinal

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