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2 Anatomy > Clinical Anatomy of the Ear > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of the Ear Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

what nerves are contained within the temporal bone?

A 
CN 7 (facial)
CN 8 (vestibulocochlear)
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2
Q

what is the pterion?

A

an H shaped suture (thinnest part of the skull)

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3
Q

what bones join to create the pterion?

A

temporal
parietal
sphenoid
frontal

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4
Q

what happens if the pterion is damaged?

A

the middle meningeal artery can perforate causing an epidural haematoma

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5
Q

where is the petrous part of the temporal bone?

A

between sphenoid and occipital bone at the base of the skull

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6
Q

what foramen is located on the petrous part of the temporal bone?

A

stylomastoid froamen

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7
Q

why is the stylomastoid foramen called such?

A

its located between the styloid and mastoid processes

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8
Q

what bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?

A

frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid

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9
Q

what bones make up the middle cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid

temporal

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10
Q

what bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?

A

temporal

occipital

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11
Q

what part of the cranial fossa does the petrous part of the cranial fossa make up?

A

most of middle

some of posterior

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12
Q

name the nerves that exit the cranial fossa at the superior orbital fissure?

A 
CNs:
2
3
4
5
6
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13
Q

what nerve exits through the foramen rotundum?

A

CNV2

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14
Q

what nerve exits through the foramen ovale?

A

CNV3

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15
Q

through which foramen does the internal carotid go through to get to the brain?

A

intracranial opening of carotid canal

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16
Q

what nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

acoustic = hearing so CN 7 + 8

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17
Q

what structures go through the jugular foramen?

A

jugular vein
CN9
CN10
CN11

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18
Q

what structure does CNXII go through?

A

hypoglossal canal

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19
Q

another word for the tympanic membrane?

A

eardrum

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20
Q

where does the external ear start and end

A

auricle to tympanic membrane

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21
Q

main function of the external ear?

A

collect and convey sound waves to tympanic membrane

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22
Q

where does the middle ear start and end?

A

tympanic membrane to oval window

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23
Q

the eustachian tube is in what compartment of the ear?

A

middle

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24
Q

what does the middle ear do?

A

amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear

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25
where does the internal ear start and end?
oval window to internal acoustic meatus
26
what does the internal ear do?
converts special sensory information to fluid waves then APs then conducts them to brain
27
what cartilage covers the external ear?
elastic
28
what proportion of the ear canal is bony/cartilaginous?
1/3 cartilage | 2/3 bony
29
name the structures that make earwax
ceruminous glands
30
what sensory nerve supplies the helix and outer portion of the external ear?
C2, 3 spinal nerves
31
what sensory nerve supplies most of the tympanic membrane?
CNV3
32
what parts of the ear does the vagus nerve supply?
inferior part of external acoustic meatus | small part of tympanic membrane
33
where does lymph from the ears drain to?
deep cervical lymph nodes in carotid sheath
34
is the EAM short and straight in adults or children?
children
35
how should you pull the auricle to examine a child?
posteroinferiorly
36
sensory nerve supply to the external TM?
CNV3
37
sensory nerve supply to the internal TM?
CNIX
38
what does the eustachian tube connect?
TM to lateral wall of nasopharynx
39
why can tonsillitis mimic earache?
both supplied by CNIX | eustachian tube connects the two regions
40
where is the epitympanic recess located in the middle ear cavity?
superior to the TM
41
name the auditory ossicles of the middle ear from the 1st bone to connect to the TM
malleus incus stapes
42
how do the auditory ossicles help to transmit sound?
when TM moves with sound waves it causes each ossicle to vibrate 1 by 1 until the stapes hits the oval window
43
where is the tympanic cavity in the middle ear?
posterior to the TM
44
mastoiditis can be caused by infection where in the ear?
middle ear
45
smallest skeletal muscle in the body?
stapedius
46
what 2 foraminae are connected by the facial canal
IAM | stylomastoid foramen
47
what nerve does the chorda tympani come off of?
facial nerve cn7
48
nerve functions of the facial nerve?
special sensory sensory motor parasympathetic
49
what does the chorda tympani supply?
taste buds of anterior 2/3rds of tongue | submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (parasymp)
50
what does the stapedius muscle do?
reduces stapes movement to prevent internal ear from excessive noise
51
how does the chorda tympani get to the tongue?
"hitches a ride" with CNV3
52
where do the muscles of facial expression originate and insert?
originate on bone | insert on superficial fascia
53
name the 2 parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve and their functions
vestibular nerve- balance | cochlear nerve- hearing
54
where is the otic capsule of the inner ear located?
temporal bone
55
what part of the otic capsule contrains perilymph?
bony labyrinth
56
where are the sacs and ducts of the otic capsule located?
within the membranous labyrinth
57
what is the "snail-like" part of the otic capsule called?
cochlea
58
what are the 3 ring shaped parts of the otic capsule called?
semicircular canal
59
what parts of the otic capsule control 1. hearing 2. balance and why
1. cochlea (connect to cochlear nerve) | 2. semicircular canals (connects to vestibular nerve)
60
what happens once the vibrations of the ossicles have hit the oval window?
creates pressure waves in perilymph hair cells in cochlea move APs released to cochlear nerve pressure waves become vibrations and are dampened
61
where do the vestibular and cochlear nerves connect?
IAM
62
what happens from a pathology at the IAM?
loss of facial epression, taste, dry mouth, reduced auricle sensation- cn7 ipsilateral loss of hearing and balance- cn 8

2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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