Clinical Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx

Question 1

what is the area between lips and teeth called?

Answer 1

vestibule

Question 2

name the muscles of the floor of the mouth

Answer 2

mylohyoid
geniohyoid
anterior belly of digastric muscle

Question 3

what is the vein next to the frenulum called?

Answer 3

lingual vein

Question 4

what is the top and bottom of the tongue called?

Answer 4

top is dorsal

bottom is ventral

Question 5

where are the openings for the submandibular duct located?

Answer 5

2 papillae located in the base of the frenulum

Question 6

where are the openings for the sublingual ducts located?

Answer 6

in sublingual folds

Question 7

are major or minor salivary glands responsible for basal secretions?

Answer 7

minor

Question 8

which of these glands should be palpable:
parotid
sublingual
submandibular

Answer 8

no
no
yes

Question 9

where is the parotid gland in relation to the masseter?

Answer 9

superficial

Question 10

how does CN7 reach the salivary glands?

Answer 10

via the chorda tympani

chorda tympani then hitches a ride with cnv3 to get to tongue

Question 11

innervation of submandibular gland (be specific)?

Answer 11

CN7 parasympathetic

Question 12

innervation of the sublingual salivary gland?

Answer 12

CN7

Question 13

parasympathetic innervation to parotid?

Answer 13

CN9

Question 14

where do the parasympathetic fibres synapse after supplying the parotid?

Answer 14

otic ganglion

Question 15

what kind of muscle is the tongue?

Answer 15

skeletal muscle

Question 16

what mucosa covers the tongue?

Answer 16

lingual mucosa

Question 17

general sensory nerve supply to the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Answer 17

CNV3

Question 18

special sensory (taste) nerve supply to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 18

CN7

Question 19

general and sensory nerve supply to the tongue?

Answer 19

CN9

Question 20

what is the relevance of the foramen caecum?

Answer 20

origin of thyroid gland

separates anterior and posterior tongue

Question 21

where would ectopic thyroid tissue be found if there was any?

Answer 21

midline

Question 22

name the 4 muscles of the tongue

Answer 22

palatoglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus

Question 23

innervation to tongue muscles?

Answer 23

CN12

Question 24

what kind of fibres innervate the tongue muscles

Answer 24

somatic motor

Question 25

what part of the brain are the fibres of the hypoglossal nerve attached to?

Answer 25

medulla oblongata

Question 26

where is the hypoglossal canal in the cranial fossa?

Answer 26

in the posterior region just anterior to the foramen magnum

Question 27

how to test for CN12 function?

Answer 27

ask patient to stick tongue out

Question 28

how to tell if a CN12 problem is unilateral

Answer 28

the tongue tip will point towards the side of the injured nerve

Question 29

the lingual artery is a branch of?

Answer 29

external carotid artery

Question 30

where does CNXII pass in relation to the lingual artery

Answer 30

passes lateral to the "loop" of the lingual artery

Question 31

where are the palatine bones in the hard palate?

Answer 31

posterior, medial to the molars

Question 32

what area of the hard palate allows passage of nerves and vessels

Answer 32

palatine foraminae

Question 33

what is the pterygoid hamulus?

Answer 33

a hook at the bottom of the sphenoid bone

Question 34

what bone makes up the anterior portion of the hard palate?

Answer 34

maxilla

Question 35

are the arches of the soft palate skeletal or smooth muscle?

Answer 35

skeletal

Question 36

nerve supply to all muscles of soft alate except tensor veli palatini?

Answer 36

CNX

Question 37

nerve supply to tensor veli palatini?

Answer 37

CNV3

Question 38

function of the levator veli palatini?

Answer 38

lifts the soft palate toward the base of the skull

Question 39

function of the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 39

tenses the soft palate

Question 40

what muscle of the soft palate hooks around the pterygoid hamulus of the sphenoid?

Answer 40

tensor vali palatini

Question 41

how to test CNX and CNV3 together? what should happen?

Answer 41

ask patient to say aaah | uvula should lift up in midline

Question 42

what should happen on testing if CNX and CNV3 are injured?

Answer 42

uvula moves away from injured side

Question 43

innervation of pharynx?

Answer 43

CNX

Question 44

what is the centre line of the posterior pharynx called?

Answer 44

midline raphe

Question 45

what runs down the left lateral border of the posterior pharynx?

Answer 45

common carotid artery | CNX

Question 46

what runs down the right lateral border of the posterior pharynx?

Answer 46

CNIX

Question 47

what muscles insert onto the midline raphe?

Answer 47

superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx

Question 48

CNIX overlies what muscle of the psoterior pharynx?

Answer 48

stylopharyngeus

Question 49

what is the name for the upper oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 49

cricopharyngeus

Question 50

what does the salpingopharyngeus connect?

Answer 50

cartilage of eustachian tube | pharynx

Question 51

innervation of most of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 51

CNX

Question 52

what longitudinal muscle is not innervated by CNX and why? what is it innervated by ?

Answer 52

stylopharyngeus, CNIX lies on top of it so it innervates it

Question 53

where is the piriform fossa located?

Answer 53

inferoposterior part of the laryngopharynx

Question 54

4 main tonsils of the pharynx?

Answer 54

palatine pharyngeal tubal adenoid (pharyngeal)

Question 55

where is the adenoid tonsil located?

Answer 55

roof of the nasopharynx

Question 56

what tonsils are located in the mucosa of the eustachian tube opening?

Answer 56

tubal tonsils

Question 57

what are regional nodes?

Answer 57

first group of lymph nodes that has drained from a given structure

Question 58

eventual drainage location of the pharynx?

Answer 58

deep cervical nodes

Question 59

where does most of the tongue drain to lymphatically?

Answer 59

deep cervical