Cloning

Question 1

What ways can plants be cloned

Answer 1

-tissue culture
-cuttings

Question 2

What is tissue culture

-where a few p… cells are put in a g… medium with h… and they g… into new plants
-these plant can be made very q… in very little s… and can be grown all y… round
-is used to preserve r… plants

Answer 2

-where a few plant cells are put in a growth medium with hormones and they grow into new plants
-these plant can be made very quickly in very little space and can be grown all year round
-is used to preserve rare plants

Question 3

What is cuttings

-gardeners take c… from parent p… and then plant them to produce g… identical c… of the parent p… (c…)
-can be produced q… and c…

Answer 3

-gardeners take cuttings from parent plants and then plant them to produce genetically identical copies of the parent plants (clones)
-can be produced quickly and cheaply

Question 4

How can u make animal clones

-using embryo t…
-s… cells are taken from d… parent, and e… cells are taken from the other desired p…
-the s… is used to a… fertiliser the e… cell
-the e… that develops is then s… many times to form c… before any cells become s…
-these c… embryos can be i… into lots of other animals where they produce g… identical o…

Answer 4

-using embryo transplants
-sperm cells are taken from desired parent, and egg cells are taken from the other desired parent
-the sperm is used to artificially fertiliser the egg cell
-the embryo that develops is then split many times to form clones before any cells become specialised
-these cloned embryos can be implanted into lots of other animals where they produce genetically identical offspring

Question 5

What is adult cell cloning

-involves taking an u… egg cell and removing its n…
-the nucleus is then r… from an a… body c… and is i… into the empty e… cell
-the egg cell is e… stimulated making it d…
-when the e… is a ball of c… it’s i… into the womb of an adult f…, where it grows into a g… identical copy (c…) of the original a… body c…

Answer 5

-involves taking an unfertilised egg cell and removing its nucleus
-the nucleus is then removed from an adult body cell and is inserted into the empty egg cell
-the egg cell is electrically stimulated making it divide
-when the embryo is a ball of cells it’s implanted into the womb of an adult female, where it grows into a genetically identical copy (clone) or the original adult body cells

Question 6

Pros and cons of cloning

Pros:
-can lead to a g… understanding about a… and age related d…
-help to p… endangered s…

Cons:
-can lead to a reduced g… pool, so if a new d… arrives it can wipe out a p…
-animals c… might not be as h…
-people worry that in the f… humans will be c…

Answer 6

Pros:
-can lead to a greater understanding about ageing and age related disorders
-help to preserve endangered species

Cons:
-can lead to a reduced gene pool, so if a new disease arrives it can wipe out a population
-animals cloned might not be as healthy
-people worry that in the future humans will be cloned