Cnidaria, Porifera, Playhelminthes, Nematoda, Rotifera, Mollusca Flashcards
(199 cards)
2
Q
Sponges are in phylum
A
Porifera
3
Q
Jellyfish and hydras are in phylum
A
Cnidaria
4
Q
Flatworms are in phylum
A
Platyhelminthes
5
Q
Roundworms are phyla
A
Nematoda
6
Q
Rotifers are in phyla
A
Rotifera
7
Q
Clams, snails, squid, oysters, scallops are in phyla
A
Mollusk a
8
Q
Earthworms and leeches are in phylum
A
Annelida
9
Q
Three types of mollusca
A
Bivalves, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda
10
Q
Both mollusk a and Annelida have
A
Bilateral symmetry, coelom, protostome, multicellular, and three germ layers.
11
Q
How many hearts of squid
A
Three
12
Q
Thin tissue that encloses visceral mass and may secrete. She’ll in mollusks
A
Mantle
13
Q
In mollusks that enclose the internal organs
A
Visceral mass
14
Q
How the clams filter feed with what structure inside shell
A
Siphon
15
Q
Cephalization is another term for blank
A
Had
16
Q
Segmented worms
A
Annelida
17
Q
Earthworms use what hairy structures to help them move
A
Setae
18
Q
Secretes mucus and holds worms together during mating
A
Clitellum
19
Q
Digestive system of earthworm in order
A
Pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard
20
Q
What earthworm eats
A
Detritus
21
Q
Little white structures that are part of earthworms excretory system
A
Nephridia
22
Q
In earth worm the seminal blanks are bigger than the seminal blanks
A
Vesicles bigger than receptacles
23
Q
A fold in worms that increase the intestines surface area
A
Typhlosole
24
Q
cells of animals are organized into blank and blank
A
tissues and tissue layers
25
Q
five key transitions noted in animal evolution
A
tissues, symmetry, body cavity, development, segmentation
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sponges are these and they lack tissues and organs
parazoa
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all other animals are these and they have distinct tissues
eumetazoa
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which has symmetry? parazoa or eumetazoa
eumetazoa
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the plane that bisects an animal with bilateral symmetry into two halves
mid-sagittal plan
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two advantages of symmetry:
cephalization and greater mobility
31
how many germ layers produced by eumetazoa
three
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body coverings and nervous system germ layer
ectoderm
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skeleton and muscles germ layer
mesoderm
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digestive organs and intestines
endoderm
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space in between tissues, surrounded by mesoderm
coelom
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body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm
pseudocoelomates
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body cavity entirely within the mesoderm
coelomates
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zygote dvides to form a blank
blastula
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holllow ball of cells
blastula
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this becomes an opening to the digestive system
blastopore
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type of cleavange in protostomes and the cells move as they divide
spiral
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type of cleavage in deuterostomes and cells stay in position as they divide
radial
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determinate development becuase if you remove one cell, development ceases
protostomes
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indeterminate development because embryonic cells can develop a new individual
deuterostomes
45
coelom forms simply and directly from splitting the mesoderm in
protostomes
46
coelom forms indirectly from outpocketing of the archenteron in
deuterostomes
47
blank evolved from blank about how many mya
deuterostomes....protostomes...500 mya
48
two advantages of segmentation
allows redundant organ systems, and allows for more efficient and flexible movement
49
lack symmetry and tissues
parazoa
50
have symmetry and tissues
eumetazoa
51
have two germ layers
diploblastic
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have three germ layers
triploblastic
53
how are triploblastic animals divided today?
genetics
54
the animal kingdom is
monophyletic
55
two theories of where protists came from
multinucleate hypothesis, colonial flagellate hypothesis
56
which theory of where protists came from is supported by molecular systematics today
colonial flagellate hypothesis
57
enormous expansion of animal diversity in the Cambrian period
cambrian explosion
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how did the cambrian explosion occur
the Hox developmental gene complex evolved
59
Fungi spores are always blank, no matter what
Haploid
60
Collemchyma, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all blank tissue
Ground
61
Leaves do not have blank
Pericycle
62
Phloem consists of blank
Sieve tube members
63
Blank causes seed germination
Gibberellic acid
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What regulates direction of cell expansion in plants?
Direction of cellulose reinforcement
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Phloem has cells separated by blank
Sieve plates
66
Root pressure can result in blank
Guttation
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Root pressure is independent or dependent on transpiration
Independent
68
These promote lateral bud growth in branches
Cytokinins
69
Plants tolerate supercooling by increasing blank in blank
Saturated lipids in plasma membranes
70
Parazoans first separated from blank
Eumetazoans
71
larval sponges are different from adult sponges because they are
free-swimming
72
the inner layer of porifera contains blank
choanocytes which are also called collar cells
73
central layer of porifera which are gelatinous and are called blank
mesohyl
74
sponges digestion is known as blank
intracellular
75
type of digestion where each cell eats on its own
intracellular
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where waste exits from the spong
osculum
77
Asexual reproduction of a sponge is called blank
fragmentation
78
larval sponges are produced by blank reproduction and use blank for swimming
sexual, cilia
79
have radial symmetry and two germ layers... examples are cnidaria and ctenophora
diploblasts
80
The layers of a diploblast are called
epidermis, gastrodermis, and in between is the mesoglea
81
the mesoglea is blank
noncellular
82
mostly all marine, have tissues but not organs, and are exclusively carnivorous
cnidaria
83
the largest organic structure in the world
great coral reef
84
these can reproduce by budding and either sexually or asexually
polyp
85
these cnidarians can only reproduce sexually
medusa
86
what kind of digestion do cnidarians have
extracellular
87
what kind of digestion do humans have
extracellular
88
blank have no circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems
cnidaria
89
specialized stinging cells are blank
nematocytes
90
special type of nematocyte organelle that has a harpoon coated in poison
nematocyst
91
how many classes of cnidarians
5
92
small phylum whose members are called comb jellies
ctenophora
93
ctenophora propel themselves with eight rows of blank and have no blank
cilia, stinging cells
94
how do ctenophora capture prey?
colloblast
95
who's more complex, ctenophora or cnidaria?
ctenophora
96
blank are bilaterally symmetrical and are all triploblastic
bilateria
97
animals that have three tissue layers
triploblastic
98
what is in the inner endoderm
gut lining
99
what is in the outer ectoderm
skin and nervous tissue
100
what is in the middle mesoderm
muscle and bone
101
two major clades of protostomes
spiralians and ecdysozoans
102
clade of protostomes that grow by adding mass to an existing body and have spiral cleavage
spiralians
103
clade of protostomes that increase in size by molting their external skeletons
ecdysozoans
104
soft body animals that are protostome and acoelomates and have developed musculature
planarians
105
planarians have a blank body plan
simple
106
planarians have a blank way digestive system
two way
107
humans have a blank way digestive system
one way
108
what kind of cells function similar to a kidney and is involved in digestion in planarians
flame cells
109
when cut, planarians blank
regenerate
110
four classes of flatworms
turbellaria, trematoda, cercomeromorpha
111
free living lcass of flatworm
turbellaria
112
parisitic classes of flatworms
trematoda and ceromeromorpha
113
flukes that live as parasites in animals
trematoda
114
flukes of the genus schistosoma can caus schistosomiasis because they coat themselves with blank so they become blank invisible
antigens, immunologically
115
tapeworms are in the class blank
cercomeomorpha
116
tapeworms do not have a blank
digestive system
117
how many body zones of tapeworms
3
118
three zones of tapeworms
scolex, neck, proglottids
119
repetitive sections of tapeworms
proglottids
120
phylum that has roundworms in it and are bilaterally symmetrical
nematoda
121
how many times do nematoda molt cuticle?
four
122
the piercing organs that the mouth is equipped with in nematodes
stylets
123
two ways nematodes feed
parasites and active hunters
124
nematodes can cause these diseases in humans
trichinosis, intestinal roundworm, hookworm anemia
125
what causes trichinosis
trichinella
126
causes intestinal roundworm
ascaris
127
causes hookworm anemia
necator
128
phylum that has a brain, complex internal organs, and uses a corona for funneling food
rotifera
129
The coelom ate body design blanks the body fluid, allows for blank to develop, and allows for a blank body size
Repositions, complex tissues/organs, larger
130
The second most diverse phylum
Mollusca
131
Pearls are produced by blank
Oysters
132
Mother of pearl is produced by shells of blank
Abalone
133
Two mollusk pests
Zebra mussel and garden snails
134
Except for Cephalopoda, all mollusks have a blank circulatory system
Oprn
135
Mollusks have a blank for locomotion
Foot
136
Special excretory structures in mollusks that remove nitrogenous wastes
Nephridia
137
This word means internal organs/inside
Visceral
138
Mollusks produce a blank rich shell
Calcium carbonate
139
Tounge of mollusks
Radula
140
Radula has been modified into these four structures in mollusks
Beak, drill, poisonous dart, eliminated
141
Fertilization in mollusks
External
142
First larval stage of mollusk that is free swimming
Trochophores
143
Second larval stage of mollusks that is only in bivalves and Gastropoda
Veliger
144
How many classes of mollusks
8
145
Four classes of mollusks
Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, bivalves, cephalopoda
146
Chitons are these and they have oval bodies and are grazing herbivores
Polyplacophora
147
Class of mollusk that has snails and slugs, primarily marine, and undergo torsion and coiling
Gastropoda
148
Class of mollusks that has clams, scallops, and mussels and are sessile filter feeders
Bivalvia
149
Active marine predator mollusk class that have arms with suction cups and are very intelligent
Cephalopoda
150
Mantle cavity and anus are moved from the posterior to the front in Gastropoda
Torsion
151
Spiral winding of shell in Gastropoda
Coiling
152
It's muscle brings things together
Adductor
153
Squids have how many feet
10
154
Octopus has how many feet
8
155
Nautilus has how many feet
80-90
156
Many Cephalopoda have this to confuse predators
Ink sac
157
Cephalopoda change colors using these punches of pigments
Chromatophores
158
Annelid worms always exhibit blank
Segmentation
159
Segments are divided by blank in Annelida
Septae
160
Blank nerve cord connects to brain in Annelida
Ventral
161
Funnel shaped and part of excretory system in Annelida
Nephridia
162
Two classes of Annelida
Polychaeta and clitella
163
Class of Annelida that has paired parapodia and sexes are usually separate
Polychaeta
164
Polychaeta have these and are used in swimming and burrowing
Parapodia
165
Class of Annelida that Re mostly terrestrial and include earthworms and move using chaetae
Clitellata
166
Little chili outs bristles that anchor soil
Chaetae
167
Clitellata have parapodia t or f
F
168
Setae = blank
Chaetae
169
Secretes a mucus cocoon where the fertilized egg develops in clitellata
Clitellum
170
Member of clitellata that has no chaetae
Leech
171
Most successful phylum of all animals
Arthropoda
172
Percentage of Arthropoda are insects
80%
173
How many species of Arthropoda
1,000,000
174
Some segments are fused into blank in Arthropoda
Tagmata
175
Has an open circulatory system, compound eyes or single eyes,, nervous system, respiratory system, malpighinan tubules
Arthropods
176
Simple eyes of Arthropoda are called
Ocelli
177
Special part of arthropod respiratory system
Spiracles
178
Arthropoda undergo blank or molting
Ecdysis
179
Arthropoda is divided into these four classes
Chelicerata, myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda
180
Class of Arthropoda that includes spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs and ticks
Chelicerata
181
How many tagmata of chelicerata
2
182
In chelicerata blank function as anterior appendages
Chelicerae
183
Posterior to chelicerae in chelicerata and resemble legs or maybe pincers
Pedipalpas
184
Two orders of chelicerata
Araneae and acari
185
Order of chelicerata that has spiders and about 35000 species
Araneae
186
Silk is forced out of blank in spiders
Spinnerets
187
All spiders have what
Poison glands
188
Order of chelicerata that has mites and ticks
Acari
189
Class of Arthropoda that are primarily aquatic and include crabs and shrimps lobsters and barnacles
Crustacea
190
How many tagmata of Crustacea
Three but front two may fuse
191
Most appendages of Crustacea are blank
Biramous
192
Means branches into two parts
Biramous
193
Most crustaceans have blank sexes
Separate
194
Evolved from a pair of limbs that took on a chewing function in Crustacea
Mandibles
195
Majority of Crustacea develop through a blank stage
Naupilus
196
Free swimming stage of Crustacea
Naupilus
197
Order of Crustacea that has ten feet and includes shrimp lobsters and crayfish
Decapoda
198
Paddle tail of Decapoda are called
Uropods
199
Order of Crustacea that includes barnacles and are hermaphroditic and have free swimming larvae but are sessile as adults
Cirripedia
200
Head and thorax combined in crayfish is called
Cephalothorax
