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CNS Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

What is the CNS protected by

A

Bones, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges

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2
Q

What is Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Composed of water, protein, glucose and electrolytes

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3
Q

Where is CSF located

A

Circulate in subarachnoid spec and ventricles and central canal in spinal cord

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4
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Cluster of blood vessels and ventricles
ependymal cells that produce CSF

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5
Q

What are the functions of CSF

A

Cushion and protect CNS
Transport nutrients and waste products

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6
Q

Meninges

A

Connective tissue surrounding CNS

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7
Q

Dura mater

A

Tough fibers putter most layer
Helps to partition and hold the brain in place inside that skull

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8
Q

In dura mater there is the flax cerebri that is

A

Large, sickle-Shaped Vertical sheets that lies within the longitude fissure between the two hemisphere
Attaches anteriorly to the crista galli of the ethmoid

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9
Q

Dura mater
Falx cerebelli

A

Vertical partition that runs along the vermis of cerebellum

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10
Q

Dura mater
Tentorium

A

Horizontal sheet that lies transverse fissure between the cerebrum and cerebellum

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11
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Fibrous middle layer

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12
Q

Arachnoid Mater
Subdural space

A

Potential space between the Dura and arachnoid Mater

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13
Q

Potential space

A

Normally empty but can’t fill with fluid or blood due to disease or trauma

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14
Q

Arachnoid Mater
Subarachnoid space

A

Cavity directly underneath arachnoid mater
Between the arachnoid and pia mater
Contains CSF

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15
Q

Pia matter

A

Thin vascular inner most layer
Found directly adhered to surface of brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Ventricles

A

Net worth of cavities and canals in CNS
help circulate CSF

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17
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

Two cavities in each Cerebral hemisphere

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18
Q

Third ventricle

A

Unpaired cavity in diencephalon 

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19
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Connects third and fourth ventricle

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20
Q

Fourth ventricles

A

Unpaired cavity located in brainstem
Communicates with the central canal of the spinal cord in the subarachnoid space

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21
Q

What neuroglia makes CSF

A

Ependymal cells

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22
Q

What is the network of blood vessels found in the ventricles that contain the neuroglia that makes CSF

A

choroid plexus

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23
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of brain accounts for 80% of total brain mass
divided into two left and right hemispheres which are made of gray and white matter

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24
Q

Gray matter

A

Masses of neural soma located in the cerebral cortex and in deeper clusters called brain nuclei

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25
cerebral Cortex
Outer superficial layer of gray matter arrange in gyri and sulci
26
Gyri
Raised ridges
27
Sulci
Grooves
28
Fissure
Especially deep sulcus
29
Longitudinal fissure
Separates right and left hemisphere
30
Transverse cerebral Fissure
Separate Cerebrum from cerebellum
31
White matter
Bundles of axons and neuroglia Located in deeper part of cerebrum
32
Corpus callosum
Large central track of white matter deep to longitudinal tissue connects right and left hemisphere
33
Tracts
Bundles of white matter who’s axons travel together
34
Nuclei
Cluster of gray matter within white matter
35
 Cerebral lobes
One way to organize the cerebral hemisphere is dividing into lobes which are paired
36
Frontal lobe
Anterior lobe deep to frontal bone
37
Central sulcus
Separate frontal and parietal lobes
38
Precentral gyrus
Area of frontal lobe anterior to central sulcus
39
parietal lobe
Superolateral lobe deep to parietal bone
40
Temporal lobe
Inferolateral Load deep to temporal bone
41
Lateral fissure
Separate temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobe
42
Cerebral cortices
Rind or outer layer
43
Primary somatosensory cortex
Postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe Receives input from general somatic senses ( touch, pressure, vibration)
44
Priprioception
Sense of limb or joint position
45
Contra lateral projection
Each cerebral hemisphere receives sensory input from opposite side of the body
46
Primary auditory cortex
Superior Edge of temporal lobe receive sound input
47
Primary visual cortex
Occipital lobe receive visual input
48
Gustatory cortex
Interior limbic lobe Receive taste input
49
Olfactory cortex
Medial aspect of temporal lobe receives smell input
50
Primary motor cortex
Precentral gyrus a frontal lobe controls voluntary movement by synapsing to Somaticmotor neuron
51
Broca’s area
Frontal lobe of left hemisphere control motor movement for speech
52
Association areas
Asked to integrate multiple sensory input with memories of past experience
53
Anterior Association area
Prefrontal cortex most anterior part of frontal lobe thought and personality Higher level thinking and predicting consequences of actions
54
Left cerebral hemisphere is responsible for
Language processing and analytical Task like math and logic Detail oriented
55
Wernicke‘s area 
Responsible for language comprehension on the left hemisphere
56
Right cerebral hemisphere is responsible for
 analyzing and interpreting visual auditory information Recognizing faces creating and appreciating music Big picture hemisphere
57
Diencephalon
Enclosed by cerebrum links cerebrum to brain stem
58
Thalamus
Pair of egg shape structures that make up most of diencephalon
59
What are the functions of thalamus
Acts as a relay center Relays sensory input from brainstem up to primary somatic sensory cortex Can amplify or dampen sensory input Relay motor output from primary motor cortex through brain stem
60
Hypothalamus
Inferior to thalamus acts as a visceral control center of the body
61
What is the hypothalamus In control of
Controls autonomic functions like your heart rate regulates body temperature regulates hunger and thirst regulates circadian rhythm controls emotions as part of limbic system regulates hormone production via pituitary gland
62
Pituitary gland
Secrete multiple regulatory hormones that coordinate other endocrine glands
63
Epithalamus
Most dorsal part of diencephalon Consists of pineal gland which secretes melatonin
64
Brainstem
Inferior to cerebrum anterior to cerebellum Connect Cerebrum and cerebellum to spinal cord
65
What is the brain stem function
Acts as relay center between brain and spinal cord Serve as origin for most cranial nerve
66
Midbrain
Most superior part of brain stem 
67
Mid brain cerebral peduncles
Two ventricle pillars that hold up cerebrum Contain motor axons for cerebrum to medulla oblongata
68
Pons
Middle portion of brain stem bulge separated from cerebellum by fourth ventricle serves as relay sensors for cerebellum
69
Medulla oblongata
Most inferior portion of brainstem that directly connects to spinal cord
70
Medulla oblongata Pyramidal tracts 
 Nerve fibers that descend to cerebrum and carry voluntary output to spinal cord
71
Decussation of the pyramids
Crossing of nerve fibers Each Cerebral hemisphere sends motor commands to contralateral side of body
72
Cerebellum
Second largest part of brain Inferior to occipital lobe coordinates in balance
73
Vermis
Narrow band cortex between the two hemisphere of cerebellum
74
White matter in the cerebellum
Branches out into a pattern called a bore vitae (tree of life)
75
Cerebellar nuclei 
Deeply situated Grey matter gives rise to axon that relay instruction from cerebellar cortex to other parts of the brain Important in muscle memory helps to refined and smooth out body movements
76
Limbic system
Along the border between cerebrum and diencephalon
77
 Limbic lobe
Control emotional response to stimuli linked to prefrontal cortex which explains why there is a close relationship between feeling in thinking
78
Fornix
Fiber tracks that connect different parts of limbic system
79
Limbic system Hypothalamus and thalamus
Links of motion of visceral functions in brain stem explains why strong emotions can have visceral response like elevated heart rate
80
Amygdala
Processes fear links emotion to memory is useful for making decisions based on past experiences
81
Hippocampus
Stores in retrieves long-term memories
82
Reticular activating system
Netwerk of neurons that help connect various parts of the body
83
Reticular formation
Runs through central core of brainstem and Projects through thalamus and central cerebrum
84
Reticular activating system
Part of reticular formation controls brain consciousness in alertness ascending axons from all major sensory tracts synapse in the pons and medulla, Visual auditory touch stimuli keeps people awake Descending axons influenced somatic motor neurons, we have decreased muscle tone when sleeping
85
Spinal cord
Cylinder of nerves extending to brainstem to upper lumbar region contact information between brain and rest of body
86
At It superior end it connects to the _____ in travels through the ___ Of the occipital bone into the vertebral canal
Brain stem/ foramen magnum
87
Spinal nerves
Bundles of nerve fibers that arise from the spinal cord at various levels
88
Dorsal root
Posterior root that provide sensory input
89
Dorsal root ganglion
Cluster of nuclei
90
Ventral root
Anterior root delivers motor output
91
Conus medullaris
Inferior end of spinal cord between L1 and L2
92
Filum terminale
Thin filament of connective tissue that extends from conus medullaris  attaches Conus Medullaris To the coxal and helps hold it in place
93
Caude equina
Cluster of spinal nerves that extend inferior to conus medullaris Spinal cord is shorter than vertebral column partly because of pre-natal event the spinal cord grows more slowly than vertebral column
94
Between what vertebrae can lumbar punctures be safely performed
Below L1 and L2
95
 where does the spinal cord have white and gray matter
Has white matter on the outside and gray matter on the inside Green matters around central canal and arranges in H shaped masses called horns
96
Dorsal horn
Contain sensory neurons which receive input from neurons whose cell body lies in dorsal root ganglion
97
Ventral root
Contain motor neuron that send axon out via ventral root
98
Columns and tracks
Nerve fibers that travel up and down spinal cord
99
Dorsal/posterior columns
Ascending tracts relay sensory information up to brain
100
Ventral/ anterior columns
Descending tracts Conduct motor command down to muscles

Anatomy (19 decks)

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