Heart

Question 1

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Heart is the pump blood is the fluid blood vessels are the tubes

Question 2

Main function of CV system

Answer 2

Deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues
removes CO2 and other waste from cells and tissue
transport hormones and other substances

Question 3

Red is

Answer 3

High in oxygen low in CO2

Question 4

Blue is

Answer 4

Low and O2 high and CO2

Question 5

Heart

Answer 5

Pumps blood
size of fist
Mediastinum, posterior to sternum

Question 6

Contents of the mediastinum

Answer 6

Heart in Pericardial cavity
Great vessels
Esophagus
trachea

Question 7

Apex

Answer 7

Inferior tip of heart rests on top of diaphragm usually deep to L nipple
Heart sits obliquely Apex point towards left lower chest

Question 8

Base

Answer 8

Superior border of heart

Question 9

Great vessels

Answer 9

Large vessels enter or exit heart
SVC, IVC, pulmonary trunk/pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta

Question 10

Arteries

Answer 10

Blood vessels carry blood away from heart
aorta is the largest artery in the body

Question 11

Veins

Answer 11

Blood vessels carry blood to heart
vena cava are the largest veins in the body

Question 12

Pericardium

Answer 12

Sack that encloses heart

Question 13

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 13

Tough outer layer of connective tissue that fuses to the roots of the great vessels at the base of the heart and diaphragm inferiorly

Help hold heart in place and prevent overfilling with blood

Question 14

Parietal pericardium

Answer 14

Middle layer of serosa

Question 15

Serosa membrane

Answer 15

Bi layered membrane that secrete serious fluid

Question 16

Visceral pericardium

Answer 16

Inner layer fuses to the outer wall of the heart and is often considered to be part of the heart wall

Question 17

Pericardial space/cavity

Answer 17

Between parietal and visceral pericardium

Question 18

Pericardial fluid

Answer 18

Serious fluid made of parietal pericardium
within pericardial space
lubricates heart as it contracts

Question 19

Epicardium

Answer 19

Outer layer
visceral pericardium
simple squamous epithelium

Question 20

Myocardium

Answer 20

Middle layer
cardiac muscle
thickest layer of the heart wall thickness depends on work load of each chamber

Question 21

Cardiac muscle

Answer 21

Involuntary striated muscle capable of generating Electrical impulses
Under involuntary control

Question 22

Endocardium

Answer 22

Innermost layer simple squamous Epithelium

Question 23

 cardiocgtes a.k.a. cardiomyocytes

Answer 23

Heart muscle cell
one central nucleus and multiple nuclei
The arrangement of thick and thin filaments are due to striations
Short thick and branched serves other to from networks

Question 24

Intercalated disc

Answer 24

Connections between cardiocytes

Question 25

Gap junctions

Answer 25

Pores within Intercalated disc that allow ions to flow from one cell to another

Question 26

What is the function of Intercalated discs and gap junctions

Answer 26

Synchronizes electrical activity and contraction between cells

Question 27

Desmosomes Macula adherents

Answer 27

Small structures in intercalated discs that hold cardio sides together cell to cell adhesion

Question 28

Desmosomes find the individual cardio sites together otherwise the force of every heartbeat could pull apart the cardio sites causing them to lose their connection to one another one reason that cardio sites are so effective at their job is that they are physically touching each other and share

Answer 28

Gap junctions and intercalated disc

Question 29

Atria

Answer 29

Right atrium, left atrium Inter-atrial septum– Wall between atria Coronary sulcus- Horizontal groove visible on hard surfaces between atria and ventricles Collect blood

Question 30

Ventricles

Answer 30

Right ventricle, left ventricle Interventricular septum – wall between ventricles Interventricular sulcus Dash vertical groove visible on surface that overlies the interventricular septum Pumps blood

Question 31

Valves

Answer 31

Flap of tissue between chambers in arteries

Question 32

Atrioventricular valve

Answer 32

Tricuspid valve – right AV valve Bicuspid valve- mitral valve Between atria and ventricles

Question 33

Semi lunar valves

Answer 33

Pulmonary/pulmonic valve Dash between RV and pulmonary trunk Aortic valve dash between LV an aorta Between ventricles and great arteries

Question 34

Functions of valves

Answer 34

Open to allow blood flow Close to prevent backflow or regulations

Question 35

Valves are one way in general valves ensure that blood flows from

Answer 35

Right to left atria to ventricle ventricle to great arteries

Question 36

LUb dub

Answer 36

Caused by closure of valves

Question 37

LUb

Answer 37

Closure of AV valves

Question 38

Dub

Answer 38

Closure of semi lunar valves

Question 39

Superior vena cava drains

Answer 39

Deoxygenated blood from head and upper extremities

Question 40

Inferior vena cava drains

Answer 40

Deoxygenated blood from torso and lower extremities

Question 41

Coronary sinus drains

Answer 41

Deoxygenated blood from myocardium

Question 42

What exit through the tricuspid valve

Answer 42

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

Question 43

 Blood enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve and exit through

Answer 43

Pulmonic valve into pulmonary trunk function pump blood into lungs

Question 44

Blood enters through pulmonary arteries and Deliver to lungs what are the functions

Answer 44

Receives deoxygenated blood from right heart, perform gas exchange, sends oxygenated blood to left heart

Question 45

Where does the blood from the lungs exit

Answer 45

Through pulmonary veins

Question 46

Right and left pulmonary veins enter left atrium and exits through and what is the function

Answer 46

Miral and bicuspid valve Collect freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 47

Blood from the left ventricle enters through bicuspid and mitral valve An exit through

Answer 47

Aortic valve

Question 48

Trabeculae Carneae

Answer 48

Internal ridges textures surfaces that prevent Ventricles walls from cleaning together during contraction allows for ventricles to expand more easily to fill with blood

Question 49

Chordae tendinae

Answer 49

Strands of connective tissue that attaches flaps Of AV valves to papillary muscle

Question 50

Papillary muscle

Answer 50

Small extensions of myocardium that anchors coordinate chordae tendinae to ventricles

Question 51

What are the functions of chordae tendinae and Papillary muscles

Answer 51

Reinforces AV valves and prevents them from blowing out when close