Nervous Tissue

Question 1

What is the function of the nervous system

Answer 1

It is the control center of the body

Question 2

Sensory input

Answer 2

Receptors are sensory structures that Detect stimuli
Stimulus changes in body or environment

Question 3

What can Sensory receptors monitor the body and the environment for

Answer 3

For stimuli and transmits information to spinal cord and brain

Question 4

Integration

Answer 4

Spinal cord and brain processes information and determines the appropriate response

Question 5

Motor output

Answer 5

Motor nerves sense commands to affect or tissues or organs

Question 6

Central nervous system

Answer 6

Brain and spinal cord

Question 7

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 7

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 8

Sensory division aka afferent division

Answer 8

Signal conduction towards central nervous system
Sensory nerves carry signals from receptors to spinal cord and brain

Question 9

Somatic sensory division

Answer 9

Receive signals from skin, body wall, and limbs

Question 10

Visceral sensory division

Answer 10

Internal organs
Receives signals from thoracic and abdominal visceral

Question 11

Motor Division a.k.a. Efferent division

Answer 11

Signal conduction away from Cns
Motor neurons carry signals to CNS to the Effectors

Question 12

Somatic motor division

Answer 12

Transmit signal CNS To skeletal muscle
Voluntary nervous system produces voluntary muscle contraction

Question 13

Visceral motor division

Answer 13

Autonomic nervous system / Involuntary
Transmits signals CNS To cardiac and smooth muscles

Question 14

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 14

Fight or flight
gets body ready for activity

Question 15

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

Rest and digest
conserves energy

Question 16

Neurons

Answer 16

Cells that Conduct electrical impulses
Function = neurotransmission

Question 17

Neuroglia

Answer 17

Cells that support neurons

Question 18

Neurotransmission

Answer 18

Generation and conduction of electrical signals throughout the body

Question 19

Action potential

Answer 19

Electrical signals the neuronal cell membrane

Question 20

What are some properties of neurons

Answer 20

Neurons exhibit longevity
Neurons do not divide
Neurons have exceptionally high metabolic rate

Question 21

What are the components of A neuron

Answer 21

Soma, cell membrane, dendrites, axon, axon hillock, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier and axon terminal

Question 22

Soma

Answer 22

Single central nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm and usual organelles


Question 23

Nissl bodies

Answer 23

Chromatphillic substances are large clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes that stain well with basic dyes

Question 24

Cell membrane

Answer 24

Can receive signals from other neurons

Question 25

Dendrites

Answer 25

Short extensions of soma Receive signals and conduct them towards Soma

Question 26

Axon

Answer 26

Nerve fiber single line extension from soma

Question 27

Axon hillock

Answer 27

Origen of axon from soma help generate action potential

Question 28

Myelin sheath

Answer 28

Fat and white covering of axon insulate signal conduction along axons Which greatly speeds of transmission

Question 29

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 29

Small unmyelinated gaps of axon In myelinated axons action potential jumps from node to node which speeds of transmission

Question 30

Axon terminal

Answer 30

End of axons that participate synapse

Question 31

Synapse

Answer 31

Connection of axon terminals of a neuron and target cell

Question 32

Neuroglia

Answer 32

Glia cells Can undergo mitosis Support neurons Most cancers in the brain originate from glia cells and referred as gliomas

Question 33

Astrocytes

Answer 33

Star shaped glia cells with multiple projections Control chemical environment around neurons which is critical for neural transmission Form part of blood brain barrier

Question 34

What is blood brain barrier

Answer 34

A protective membrane around central nervous system to help prevent spread an infection

Question 35

Microglia

Answer 35

Small cell bodies with multiple cell projections Ingest foreign material they are phagocytes and are derived from blood monocytes/macrophages

Question 36

Ependymal cells

Answer 36

Form simple epithelium that lines cavities of the brain and ventricles Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 37

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 37

Cells with fewer projections form myelin on central nervous system axons Segments of myelin are formed by Oligodendrocytes projections that are flatten and rolled to layers around CNS axon

Question 38

Neuroglia of PNS  Satellite cells

Answer 38

Surround neural soma

Question 39

Schwann cells

Answer 39

For myelin on PNS axons Segments of myelin are formed by Schwann cells projections that are flattened and rolled in concentric layers around the PNS axons Cover Axons of unmyelinated neurons but loosely without node of ranvier

Question 40

Where are unmyelinated axons found

Answer 40

In autonomic nervous system and in some sensory fibers

Question 41

Nerves

Answer 41

Collection of nerve fiber in PNS bound together called epineurium 

Question 42

Components of connective tissue in pns

Answer 42

Endoneurium, perineurium and epineurim

Question 43

Endoneurium

Answer 43

Loose connective tissue surrounding myelin sheath formed by Schwann cells

Question 44

Perineurium

Answer 44

Connective tissue surrounding nerve fascicles Nerve fascicles– Groups of axon bundle together by perineum

Question 45

Epineurium

Answer 45

Tough outer layer of connective tissue that wraps around a nerve

Question 46

What do connective tissue that surrounds axons and nerve contain

Answer 46

They contain blood vessels That provide nutrients to axons and Schwann cells