CNS organization/development

Question 1

different neuro-directions

Answer 1

@ an anglerostral (ant)caudaldorsal (superior in brain, regular in cord)ventral (inf in brain, regular in cord)

Question 2

cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 2

12 CN31 SN

Question 3

tract akas

Answer 3

pedunclefasciculuslemniscus

Question 4

anterograde

Answer 4

away from cell bodyAPs, transport

Question 5

retrograde

Answer 5

toward cell bodytransport

Question 6

gastrulation time

Answer 6

3rd week

Question 7

sonic hedgehog

Answer 7

inducertranscription factorsignaling molecule released from notochord

Question 8

stages of neurolation

Answer 8

1. induce ecto over noto to thicken and form neural plate2. plate invaginates –> neural groove3. deepen + form neural crests4. crests merge @ midline –> hollow neural tube

Question 9

nervous system germ layer origin

Answer 9

ectoderm

Question 10

CNS origin

Answer 10

neural tube

Question 11

neural tube defect markers

Answer 11

high AFP (alpha fetoprotein)high AChE (acetylcholinesterase)

Question 12

neural fold –> neural tube steps

Answer 12

middle closes first (day 23)rostral next (25)caudal last (27)

Question 13

neural tube symmetry

Answer 13

dorsal half - Alar plate - sensoryventral half - basal plate - motor

Question 14

neuro development - primary vesicles

Answer 14

prosencephalon (forebrain) mesencephalon (midbrain)rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 15

neuro development - secondary vesicles

Answer 15

pro –> telencephalon, diencephalonmesencephalon –> mesencephalonrhom –> metencephalon, myelencephalon

Question 16

telencephalon –>

Answer 16

cerebral hemispheresmost of basal ganglialateral ventricles

Question 17

diencephalon –>

Answer 17

thalamushypothalamuspineal glandretinaoptic nervethird ventricle

Question 18

mesencephalon –>

Answer 18

midbraincerebral aqueduct

Question 19

metencephalon –>

Answer 19

ponscerebellum4th ventricle

Question 20

myelencephalon –>

Answer 20

medullafourth ventricle

Question 21

epithalamus aka

Answer 21

pineal gland

Question 22

thalamus

Answer 22

means inner chamberrelay to cortex

Question 23

pineal gland aka

Answer 23

epithalamus

Question 24

myelin making cells

Answer 24

schwann cells (PNS)oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Question 25

MS

Answer 25

autoimmunedemyelinating (affect oligodendrocytes) --> CNS and optic nerve

Question 26

neuroectoderm (neural tube) -->

Answer 26

CNSoptic nerve/retinapineal glandneurohypophysisastrocytesoligodendrocytes

Question 27

neuroectoderm (neural crest) -->

Answer 27

PNSadrenal medullagangliamelanocytesschwann cellsmeningespharyngeal arch cartilageodontoblastsparafollicular cellsaorticopulmonary septumendocardial cushions

Question 28

anencephaly

Answer 28

failure of anterior neuropore to close (rostral)brain doesn't developpolyhydramniosincompatible w/ lifeAFP and AChE up

Question 29

spina bifida types

Answer 29

spina bifida occultaspina bifida w/ meningocelespina bifida w/ meningomyelocelespina bifida w/ myeloschisis

Question 30

spina bifida occulta

Answer 30

posterior neuropore doesn't close (+ doesn't induce bone growth)mildest formno vert around cordno up in AFPtuft of hair over lumbar

Question 31

spina bifida w/ meningocele

Answer 31

meninges cyst protrude through vert defect (lined by dura and arachnoid)AFP upspinal cord in place

Question 32

spinal bifida w/ menigomyelocele

Answer 32

meninges and spinal cord protrude through vert defect (lined by dura and arachnoid)increase in AFPlower limb weakness/sensory loss

Question 33

spina bifida w/ myeloschisis

Answer 33

most severespinal cord can be seen externallyincrease in AFP and AChE

Question 34

sys cap vs brain cap

Answer 34

brain: no fenestrations, occluding (tight) jxnsno free exchange

Question 35

types of BBB transport

Answer 35

diffusionselective transportion channels

Question 36

BBB diffusion examples

Answer 36

CO2O2(lipid soluble gases)

Question 37

BBB selective transport examples

Answer 37

glucoseAAvit K, D(water-soluble)

Question 38

BBB ion channels examples

Answer 38

NaK

Question 39

drugs and BBB

Answer 39

lipid soluble diffuse readily:heroin, ethanol, nicotine

Question 40

neoplasms and BBB

Answer 40

neoplasms have leaky caps --> vasogenic edemacontrast material