Cortex

Question 1

motor cortex UMN tracts

Answer 1

midline and sup half –> CST

inf half –> CBT

Question 2

sensory cortex termination sites

Answer 2

midline and sup 1/2: from VPL thalamus

inf 1/2: from VPM

Question 3

MCA block –>

Answer 3

contra motor def
contra senesthesia 
(face, UL, trunk)
brocas 
wernickes

Question 4

ACA block –>

Answer 4

contra motor def
contra senesthesia
(LL)

Question 5

PCA block –>

Answer 5

primary visual cortex loss

Question 6

higher motor area (+ fxn)

Answer 6

premotor cortex
supplementary motor area
(both in front of primary motor area)
fxn: motor planning

Question 7

prefrontal cortex fxn

Answer 7

personality/executive behaviors

Question 8

contralateral horizontal gaze center location

Answer 8

frontal eye fields

in front of premotor cortex

Question 9

higher motor lesions

Answer 9

apraxia - cant execute learned tasks

no weakness

Question 10

higher sensory lesions

Answer 10

agnosia - no knowledge of sensation

Question 11

higher sensory area (+fxn)

Answer 11

somatosensory association cortex (post to primary somatosensory cortex)

Question 12

dominant hemisphere fxns

Answer 12

language (speech, comprehension + written)
skilled motor (praxis)
simplle math
music ability (trained musicians)
sense of direction - following directions

Question 13

non dominant hemisphere fxns

Answer 13

prosody (emotion in voice + understanding tone)
visual-spatial anaylysis/attention
math organiztion
music (untrained)
direction (overall sense)

Question 14

response path

Answer 14

hear (primary aud)
understand (Wernicke)
arcuate fasciculus
speak (broca)
CBT to speech muscles

Question 15

language centers (+fxns)

Answer 15

broca (motor speech)
wernicke (oral comprehension)
angular gyrus (written comprehension)

Question 16

aphasia common qualities

Answer 16

a/disgraphia

impaired ability to repeat

Question 17

broca’s aphasia aka

Answer 17

expressive aphasia

motor, nonfluent

Question 18

brocas aphasia sx

Answer 18

understand written and spoken
speech usually 1 syllable words
agraphia
patients aware and frustrated

Question 19

brocas aphasia complications

Answer 19

primary motor cortex
right lower face weakness
weak right arm

Question 20

wernickes aphasia aka

Answer 20

receptive aphasia

fluent, receptive

Question 21

wernickes aphasia sx

Answer 21

cant comprehend spoken
may not be able to read
fluent meaningless verbalization
paraphasic - misuse words
unaware of deficit
slight bilateral hearing loss

Question 22

gerstmann syndrome lesion

Answer 22

angular gyrus

Question 23

gerstmann syndrome sx

Answer 23

comprehend spoken
can't comprehend written 
agraphia
aculia (loss of simple math)
finger agnosia (can't recognize fingers)
right-left disorientation

Question 24

right side lesion sx

Answer 24

can’t add emotion into speech
cant understand emotional tone
unilateral neglect of L visual and somatosensory world

Question 25

right side lesion dx

Answer 25

bisect line | draw #s on clock

Question 26

lesion amygdala -->

Answer 26

kluver-bucy syndrome

Question 27

basal ganglia - ACA

Answer 27

caudate nuc | ant internal capsule

Question 28

basal ganglia - MCA

Answer 28

``` putamen globus pallidus (e + i) ```

Question 29

basal ganglia - anterior choroidal (or deep MCA (lenticulostriate)

Answer 29

genu (CBT) post internal capsule (somatosensory, CST) (aud/vis from medial/lat geniculate nuclei)

Question 30

basal ganglia - PCA

Answer 30

thalamus | deep branches - thalamoperforating

Question 31

basal forebrain fxn

Answer 31

consolidation enhancement | ACh neurons

Question 32

papez circuit

Answer 32

hippocampal formation thru fornix mammillary body ant nuc of thalamus cingulate gyrus

Question 33

kluver-bucy syndrome sx

Answer 33

``` lack emotional response (fear, agression) hypermetamorphosis up oral exploratory behavior hypersexual anterograde amnesia ```

Question 34

kluver-busy complications

Answer 34

meyers loop lesions | pie in the sky

Question 35

alzheimers dementia

Answer 35

primary sensory/motor, CN nuclei, Cb spared language deficits mood/personality changes

Question 36

alzheimers mech

Answer 36

accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles 1st - hippocampus 2nd - basal nuclei (ACh, memory consolidation), limbic nuc of thalamus, noradrenergic/serotoninergic neurons

Question 37

alzheimers ventricles

Answer 37

enlarge secondary to neuronal loss | --> hydrocephalus ex vacuo