Flashcards in common emergencies Deck (46)
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1
what are 10 common animal emergencies
cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, gastrointestinal, urologic, reproductive, hemtaological, metabolic, opthalmological, dermatological
2
what are cardiac related problems
heart failure, pericardial effusion, arrhythmias, aortic-thromboembolism
3
what are the clinical signs for cardiac related problems
weakness, lethargy, collapse, syncope, cough, tachypnea, resp. distress, possibly anoxeria, v/d
4
what should we look for in the physical exam
mm, breathing, jugular distention, mumurs, cough, arrhythmias, rate, lung sounds, pulses and temp
5
what is heart failure
inability of the heart to supply adequate blood flow to meet the metabolic needs of the body
6
what is congestive heart failure
increased pulmonary/systemic venous pressure causes fluid to leak from the capillary beds and accumulate in tissue or in body cavities
-may see murmurs, tachypnea/ dyspnea, weakness
-confirm by radiographs, echocardiography
7
what is a aortic thromboembolism
a clot develops in the heart, breaks free and travels into the systemic arteries -> distal aorta
- may see posterior paresis, paralysis, pain, cold, pale, low temp, weak or non-existent pules
-confirm by radiographs, echo, CS, BG, Doppler
8
what are the clinical signs of cardiac emergencies
dyspnea, cyanosis, coughing,exercise intolerance
9
what can we do for nursing for cardiac emergencies
oxygen therapy, sedation, pain meds, venous access, supportive care, equipment/diagnostic tool
10
what are some upper air respiratory emergencies
FB, collapsing trachea, laryngeal paralysis
11
what are some lower air respiratory emergencies
pleural space diseases, lung parenchymal dx, pulmonary edema
12
what are the clinical signs of respiratory emergencies
dyspnea, cyanosis, anxious
13
what can we do for nursing for respiratory emergencies
minimize stress, O2 therapy, ensure permeability of the airways, meds, equipment/diagnostic tools, supportive care
14
what are some urologic emergencies
acute renal failure, renal injuries, urinary tract trauma/obstruction, urethral obstrucion, uroliths
15
what are some clinical signs of urethral obstruction
stranguria, pollakiuria, inappropiate urination, vocal, restless, anorexia, dehydrates, hyperkalemia
16
what can we do for nursing for urologic emergenices
venous access, fluid therapy, blood work, pain meds, EKG, BP, O2 therapy
17
what should we do for nursing severe hyperkalemic patients
fluid therapy - balanced electrolyte solution
insulin/dextrose therapy
calcium therapy
sodium bicarbonate therapy
18
what should we do for post obstructive care for monitoring for urologic emergenices
full perfusion parameters, measure urine ins and outs, EKG, lab test
U-cath care = ecollor. clean cath and line every 6 hrs or prn
19
what should we know for urethral obstruction client education
possibility of re-obstruction, fresh clean water all the time, diet change, environmental enrichment
20
what should we know than uroliths/plugs lodged in the penile urethra
-increased pressure within urethra and bladder ->pressure necrosis/mucosal injury
-back pressure extends to the kidney which decreases GFR
-kidneys excretory ability ceases within 24- 48 hrs (accumulation of BUN, creatinine, K+, H+ in the blood
21
what is a partial/complete physical obstruction
urolith (struvite and oxalate)
urethral plugs (protein matrix and crystal material)
neoplasia, stricture
22
in the acute abdomen what are secondary to GI emergencies
hemoabdomen - splenic torsion/mass, trauma, gastritis
pneumoperitoneum
peritonitis, prancreaitis
gastric distention
23
what is initial care for gastrointestinal emergencies
O2, IV access, fluid therapy, meds, diagnostic tests, monitor
24
what might we see as clinical signs for esophageal, gastric, intestinal foreign body
vomiting, nausea, inappetence, abd pain
25
what is GD
food bloat
26
what are all the predisposing factors in all animals for gastric dilatation volvulus
large/giant breeds with deep chests, any dogs, species, eating fast, altered gastric emptying,stress, gases, swallowed air enter the stomach but not leave
27
what are the clinical signs for gastrointestinal emergencies
non-productive retching, restlessness, salivates, cranial abdominal, gaseous distention, tachycardia, shock symptoms
28
what can we do for nursing for gastrointestinal emergencies
venous access, O2 therapy, EKG
29
what is the goal for treatment in GDV
decompression, trocarization, gastropexy, +/- spleenectomy, remove irreversibly comprised tissues
30
