Flashcards in recognizing and effect of pain Deck (35)
Loading flashcards...
1
definition of pain?
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
2
pain is the ____ vital sign
4th
3
what is an abnormal posture behavioural characteristic associated with pain
hunched up "praying position"
4
what is an abnormal gait behavioural characteristic associated with pain
stiff, partial weight bearing on injured limb
5
what is an abnormal movement behavioural characteristic associated with pain
thrashing, restless, no movement when not sleeping
6
what is an vocalization behavioural characteristic associated with pain
screaming, whining, crying
7
list 7 examples of physiologic characteristics associated with pain
1.tachypnea/panting
2. tachycardia
3.mydriasis
4.hypertension
5.increased temp
6.pale mm
7.increased serum cortisol and epinephrine
8
which systems are affected if not treated properly
gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic
9
what is hypoxia
not enough oxygen going everywhere/ organs
10
what gets released when an animal experiences pain
catecholamine (a hormone)
11
which sympathetic events happen when the release of catecholamine
tachycardia, hypertension
12
what is a common example of cardiac arrhythmia
VPC (Ventricular Premature Contraction) view on a ECG
13
for metabolic effects in regards to pain what happens?
for increasing
causes it to increase its production of catabolic hormones (hormones that breaks things down and gives out energy)
14
what is a antidiuretic hormone
causes water retention in the body
15
what is a glucagon
a hormone that raises bloodsugar level
16
what is cortisol
a 'stress hormone' which is responsible for blood pressure and sugar
17
what happens when there is too much cortisol
may have sleep destruction, hyperglycemia, hypertension, tachycardia
18
for metabolic effects in regards to pain what happens?
for decreases
the pain can cause the body to decrease production of anabolic hormones (hormones that build and consume energy)
19
what is insulin?
a hormone that helps regulate/decrease blood sugar level
20
what 3 hormonal effects when you have an increased catabolic and decreased anabolic hormones
causes a negative systemic complications such as
-delayed healing
-growth and development disturbances
-gastric ulcers
21
what can happen in regards to respiratory effects with pain
-increased respiratory rate
-decreased in oxygenation
-dyspnea
-effort
22
what is nociception
the neural process of encoding and processing of the noxious stimuli (it is the detection of actual or potential tissue damage)
23
what 3 things can noxious stimuli be?
chemical, thermal, mechanical
24
what is nociception initiated by?
nociceptors - neural receptors that receive the signal from the stimuli
25
what are the 4 stages of nociception
1.transduction
2.transmission
3.modulation
4.perception
26
what is transduction
-the first stage
-the noxious stimulus switch from physical energy to electrical activity
27
what are the two major types of nerve fibres on nociceptors
a-delta
c-fibre
28
what is a-delta
a nerve fibre that is fast conduction myelinated neuron, responsible from localize and sharp stimulus
29
what is c-fibre
a nerve fibre that slow conducting unmyelinated neuron, responsible for poorly localized, dull stimulus
30
