Compare and Contrast Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA

Question 1

The hereditary material for most organisms is contained in:

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

___ are segments of DNA which can code for specific Proteins

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

Genes are located on larger structures called:

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

Offspring inherit trains by inheriting:

Answer 4

Their parents DNA

Question 5

Genetic information is contained in structures called:

Answer 5

Chromosomes

Question 6

What do Chromosomes consist of?

Answer 6

DNA that winds around histone proteins

Question 7

What does the winding process do for DNA?

Answer 7

Condenses the DNA and allows regulation of genes located on the particular chromosome

Question 8

Bacteria have a ___ ___ Chromosome

Answer 8

Single Circular

Question 9

Organisms that are Eukaryotic have ___ ___ Chromosomes

Answer 9

Many Linear

Question 10

Humans have ___ Chromosomes

Answer 10

46

Question 11

Dogs have ___ Chromosomes

Answer 11

78

Question 12

What is the primary unit of Heredity?

Answer 12

Genes

Question 13

Sequences of DNA located on Chromosomes:

Answer 13

Genes

Question 14

Most ___ contain the information needed to synthesize proteins

Answer 14

Genes

Question 15

A few genes sequence code for other molecules that help the cell:

Answer 15

Assemble proteins or regulate the making of proteins

Question 16

Genes tend to be clustered in areas in between regions of ___ with unknown function

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

These vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than a million bases:

Answer 17

Genes

Question 18

Researchers estimate that humans have about ___ genes

Answer 18

25,000

Question 19

Genes can have ___ or ___ functions

Answer 19

Structural, Regulatory

Question 20

Structural Genes are converted into:

Answer 20

A short-lived RNA message (mRNA) that is decoded by the ribosome and assembled into proteins that build structures in living things

Question 21

Regulatory Genes control:

Answer 21

The expression of protein-coding genes by turning on or off activity, either directly or through a protein intermediate

Question 22

Not all cells will express the same Genes; therefore, they will make different ___

Answer 22

Proteins

Question 23

What Genes “turn off” unneeded Genes?

Answer 23

Regulatory Genes

Question 24

DNA is:

Answer 24

A macromolecule that contains genes that are coded instructions for a cell to produce proteins

Question 25

The structure of DNA is:

Answer 25

A twisted ladder or double helix

Question 26

The sides of the DNA ladder are made of:

Answer 26

Phosphate and Sugar Molecules

Question 27

The Rungs of the DNA ladder are composed of:

Answer 27

Four Nucleotide Bases

Question 28

The four Nucleotide Bases are represented by letters:

Answer 28

A (Adenine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine), and C (Cytosine)

Question 29

Nucleotide Bases are arranged in ___ letter combinations

Answer 29

Three

Question 30

What is a Codon?

Answer 30

A sequence of 3 Nucleotides that codes for a specific Amino Acid or stop signal during Protein Synthesis

Question 31

How many Codons long can a Gene for a specific Protein be?

Answer 31

Thousands

Question 32

Genes will end with a ___ ___ Codon

Answer 32

Stop Signal

Question 33

___ are the Organelles that assemble Proteins from Amino Acids in the other specified by the Codons of the Gene

Answer 33

Ribosomes

Question 34

Are the two strands of DNA complimentary?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

What does complimentary mean?

Answer 35

The Nucleotide Bases of the two strands are paired correctly and specifically

Question 36

The base A (Adenosine) always pair with ___ on the other strand

Answer 36

T (Thymine)

Question 37

G (Guanine) always pairs with ___

Answer 37

C (Cytosine)

Question 38

A-T and G-C are referred to as:

Answer 38

Complimentary base pairs

Question 39

Complimentary Bases are linked by ___ ___ ___ between A and T and ___ ___ ___ between G and C

Answer 39

Two Hydrogen Bonds, Three Hydrogen Bonds

Question 40

Are individual Hydrogen Bonds weak?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

Why are the Hydrogen Bonds in DNA strong?

Answer 41

Because they occur in large numbers and maintain DNA's integrity

Question 42

These Bonds are easier to break than Covalent Bonds which allows:

Answer 42

The two strands to be separated for DNA replication and transcription

Question 43

What happens before a Cell replicates?

Answer 43

Chromosomes containing DNA must be copied to make two identical copies called Chromatids

Question 44

After Chromatids are separated, the two new cells will have:

Answer 44

Identical copies of DNA

Question 45

Two strands of DNA "run" in:

Answer 45

Opposite directions, making the strands anti-parallel

Question 46

Information is coded in DNA in the ___ to ___ direction

Answer 46

5', 3'

Question 47

What is the 5' to 3' direction strand called?

Answer 47

Sense Strand

Question 48

The other strand going in the 3' to 5' direction is called:

Answer 48

The Anti-Sense Strand

Question 49

The Anti-Sense Strand is used in:

Answer 49

DNA Replication and Transcription

Question 50

Chromosomes are composed of:

Answer 50

DNA wrapped around a Histone Protein

Question 51

Humans have ___ pairs of Chromosomes, for a total of ___ Chromosomes

Answer 51

23, 46